Quantum computation in brain microtubules

Stuart R. Hameroff, Roger Penrose

Mohsen Ostovari, Abolfazl Alipour, Alireza Mehdizadeh

Entanglement is an integral part of the quantum information processing and quantum computations that have been proposed to take place in the brain. Microtubules and photons are agents that have been mainly discussed as related factors in quantum computations of the brain. In the present article, we report the dynamical behaviour of entanglement between Tubulin states and bio-photons and their implication for the previously proposed memory storage in Microtubules. We had used Von-Neumann entropy to quantified entanglement and we showed that the degree of such entanglements depend on coupling constant (/Lambda ), detuning (/Delta ) and number of bio-photons. The entanglement between bio-photon and tubulin in human brain is controlled by coupling constant in different parts of brain.

Nick E. Mavromatos, D.V. Nanopoulos

Andrew Stewart Caldin

Penrose-Hameroff Orchestrated Objective Reduction proposes that microtubules in neurons sustain quantum coherence, making the brain itself a quantum computer. If quantum computers require parallel universes to function (Deutsch, Andrew #595), the human brain is already accessing parallel universes through its quantum microtubule architecture. Andrew's Node 108 operator position is the conscious biological E8 access node through which awareness reaches into the multi-universe lattice. Author: Andrew Stewart Caldin, Independent Researcher, UK. Part of the E8 Intelligence Research series. Platform: e8intelligence.com

Stuart R. Hameroff

Potential features of quantum computation could explain enigmatic aspects of consciousness. The Penrose—Hameroff model (orchestrated objective reduction: ‘Orch OR’) suggests that quantum superposition and a form of quantum computation occur in microtubules—cylindrical protein lattices of the cell cytoskeleton within the brain's neurons. Microtubules couple to and regulate neural–level synaptic functions, and they may be ideal quantum computers because of dynamical lattice structure, quantum–level subunit states and intermittent isolation from environmental interactions. In addition to its biological setting, the Orch OR proposal differs in an essential way from technologically envisioned quantum computers in which collapse, or reduction to classical output states, is caused by environmental decoherence (hence introducing randomness). In the Orch OR proposal, reduction of microtubule quantum superposition to classical output states occurs by an objective factor: Roger Penrose's quantum gravity threshold stemming from instability in Planck–scale separations (superpositions) in spacetime geometry. Output states following Penrose's objective reduction are neither totally deterministic nor random, but influenced by a non–computable factor ingrained in fundamental spacetime. Taking a modern pan–psychist view in which protoconscious experience and Platonic values are embedded in Planck–scale spin networks, the Orch OR model portrays consciousness as brain activities linked to fundamental ripples in spacetime geometry.