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Quantum Studies Mathematics and Foundations

The Choi–Jamiołkowski isomorphism and covariant quantum channels

Erkka Haapasalo

Published Jun 6, 2021• 5 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s40509-021-00249-7

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A generalization of the Choi-Jamiolkowski isomorphism for completely positive maps between operator algebras is introduced. Particular emphasis is placed on the case of normal unital completely positive maps defined between von Neumann algebras. This generalization is applied especially to the study of maps which are covariant under actions of a symmetry group. We highlight with the example of, e.g., phase-shift-covariant quantum channels the ease of this method in particular in the case of a compact symmetry group. We also discuss the case of channels which are covariant under actions of the Euclidean group of rigid motions in 3 dimensions.
Cartan-covariant quantum channels are introduced and studied using the Choi-Jamiołkowski isomorphism. The channels are Cartan-covariant as the covariance groups considered form symmetric pairs with the special unitary group SU(nnn), and their associated Cartan involution provides a route to exactly compute the eigenspectrum of their Choi states and the partial transpose for any n∈Nn\in \mathbb{N}n∈N. These channels include previously studied SO(n)(n)(n)-covariant channels, and further include Sp(n2)(\frac{n}{2})(2n​)-covariant channels (when nnn is even) and S(U(ppp) ×\times× U(qqq))-covariant channels (where n ⁣= ⁣p ⁣+ ⁣qn\!=\!p\!+\!qn=p+q). We show that all Cartan-covariant channels satisfy the PPT2^{2}2-conjecture and further demonstrate the nontrivial nature of this result for the class of Sp(n2)(\frac{n}{2})(2n​)-covariant and S(U(p) ⁣× ⁣U(q)){\rm S}({\rm U}(p) \!\times\!{\rm U}(q))S(U(p)×U(q))-covariant channels
Channel-state duality refers to the correspondence between quantum channels and bipartite states, and it is extremely useful and fruitful in quantum information theory. It is often called the Jamio\l{}kowski isomorphism, the Jamio\l{}kowski-Choi isomorphism, or the Choi-Jamio\l{}kowski isomorphism. We trace the original roots of this duality from a historic perspective, clarify the somewhat misleading term ``isomorphism,'' reveal the underlying subtle nature, and highlight the seemingly similar but actually different features of the original correspondences in the manner of Pillis, Jamio\l{}kowski, and Choi that lead to the duality. We further illustrate some fundamental properties and diverse applications.