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IEICE Technical Report; IEICE Tech. Rep.

Understanding the Origin of Low-frequency Noise in Cryo-CMOS Toward Long-coherence-time Si Spin Qubit

Hiroshi Oka, Matsukawa Takashi, Kato Kimihiko, Shota Iizuka, Wataru Mizubayashi, Endo Kazuhiko, Tetsuji Yasuda, Takahiro Mori

Published Jul 30, 2020• 0 citations
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Quantum computing holds the promise to solve many of today's intractable problems. A solid-state quantum computer (QC) is generally made of an array of qubits implemented in one of many solid-state technologies and operating at deep-cryogenic temperatures (10-to-20mK). Silicon spin qubits are a promising candidate for scalable QCs, due to their size, long coherence times and potential for co-integration with the required classical control and readout electronics. Recently, semiconductor spin qubits have been demonstrated to operate at ~1K, thus accelerating the achievement of a compact QC [1]. Classical qubit control electronics has also progressed, with the demonstration of fully-integrated control of spin qubits [2] and transmons [3] implemented in a cryo-CMOS technology. While a cryo-CMOS integrated circuit has been co-integrated with quantum dots [4], fully-integrated readout electronics has not yet been addressed in the literature.
Abstract Large-scale superconducting quantum computing systems entail high-fidelity control and readout of large numbers of qubits at millikelvin temperatures, resulting in a massive input-output bottleneck. Cryo-electronics, based on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, may offer a scalable and versatile solution to overcome this bottleneck. However, detrimental effects due to cross-coupling between the electronic and thermal noise generated during cryo-electronics operation and the qubits need to be avoided. Here we present an ultra-low power radio-frequency (RF) multiplexing cryo-electronics solution operating below 15 mK that allows for control and interfacing of superconducting qubits with minimal cross-coupling. We benchmark its performance by interfacing it with a superconducting qubit and observe that the qubit’s relaxation times (T1) are unaffected, while the coherence times (T2) are only minimally affected in both static and dynamic operation. Using the multiplexer, single qubit gate fidelities above 99.9%, i.e., well above the threshold for surface-code based quantum error-correction, can be achieved with appropriate thermal filtering. In addition, we demonstrate the capability of time-division-multiplexed qubit control by dynamically windowing calibrated qubit control pulses. Our results show that cryo-CMOS multiplexers could be used to significantly reduce the wiring resources for large-scale qubit device characterization, large-scale quantum processor control and quantum error correction protocols.