Silicon semiconductor quantum computation

Jegannathan Mangaiyarkkarasi, J. Shanthalakshmi Revathy

Quantum computing represents a transformative leap in computational power, capable of solving problems beyond the reach of classical computers. This chapter focuses on the crucial role of semiconductor advancements in developing quantum computing, highlighting key technological breakthroughs and engineering challenges. It begins with an overview of quantum computing principles, emphasizing qubits' unique properties like superposition and entanglement, which enable parallel computations. The chapter then delves into semiconductor-based qubits, including silicon-based quantum dots, superconducting qubits, and spin qubits, exploring their operational principles, fabrication techniques, and performance metrics. It also examines material science innovations such as isotopically purified silicon and silicon-germanium heterostructures, essential for qubit stability and scalability. Additionally, the chapter addresses engineering challenges like quantum error correction and the integration of quantum and classical computing systems.

Xiao, Yunfeng Yunfeng, Han +3 more

M. Vinet

Dipan Kumar Das, Padmaja Patnaik, Sudip Kumar Das +2 more

The integration of semiconductor technologies with quantum computing hardware holds immense promise in revolutionizing computation paradigms. This abstract delves into the pivotal role semiconductor materials play in advancing quantum computing hardware, focusing on their fabrication, implementation, and scalability. Silicon quantum dots emerge as frontrunners in this landscape, offering a robust platform for qubit realization. Through lithography, ion implantation, and etching processes, semiconductor-based qubits demonstrate remarkable potential for scalability and manufacturability. This abstract navigates through the fundamentals of quantum computing, elucidating the principles of qubits and quantum gates. It explores the historical evolution of semiconductor technologies in quantum computing hardware, highlighting silicon as a promising substrate for quantum dot-based architectures. Challenges such as coherence times and error rates are scrutinized alongside potential solutions.

Tong Wu, Jing Guo

Silicon offers an attractive material platform for hardware realization of quantum computing. In this study, a microscopic stochastic simulation method is developed to model the effect of random interface charge traps in silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) quantum gates. The statistical results show that by using a fast two-qubit gate in isotopically purified silicon, the two-qubit silicon-based quantum gates have the fidelity >98% with a probability of 75% for the state-of-the-art MOS interface quality. By using a composite gate pulse, the fidelity can be further improved to >99.5% with the 75% probability. The variations between the quantum gate devices, however, are largely due to the small number of traps per device. The results highlight the importance of variability consideration due to random charge traps and potential to improve fidelity in silicon-based quantum computing.

Jun Yoneda