Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Laser Physics Letters

Multipartite entanglement purification using time-bin entanglement

Cheng‐Chen Luo, Lan Zhou, Wei Zhong, Yu‐Bo Sheng

Published May 13, 2021• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Multipartite entanglement has been widely employed in quantum information processing. However, the unavoidable noise in quantum channels causes the maximally multipartite entangled state to degrade to the mixed state. In this paper, we propose a highly efficient multipartite entanglement purification protocol (MEPP) for the polarization Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state. Unlike conventional MEPPs, where two pairs of polluted entanglement are usually required, our protocol only requires one noisy copy of polarization-time-bin hyperentanglement and exploits the time-bin entanglement to purify the polarization entanglement. This feature increases the efficiency of our MEPP. Our MEPP may have potential applications in long-distance quantum communication.

DOI
10.1088/1612-202x/abfa8b

Related papers

Single-copy entanglement purification for Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states

Peishun Yan, Lan Zhou, Yu‐Bo Sheng

A multiparticle entangled state is an indispensable resource in quantum information processing. However, the inherent noise in quantum channels may degrade the maximally entangled state to a mixed entangled state. An entanglement purification protocol (EPP) is a powerful tool to distill high-quality entanglement from low-quality entanglement. Conventional multiparticle EPPs (MEPPs) mainly focus on two noisy copies. In this paper, we investigate a single-copy MEPP (SCMEPP) in linear optics that requires only a pair of hyperentanglements. Specifically, we first purify the bit-flip errors for three-particle polarization Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states at the cost of time-bin entanglement, and then an analysis of correcting the phase-flip errors is carried out. Additionally, we extend this SCMEPP into purification for arbitrary multiparticle GHZ states. Moreover, we discuss the discarding components that have been regarded as failure in conventional two-copy MEPPs, and they still have entanglement if the fidelities of the initial states satisfy specific conditions. This can be reused to distill high-quality entanglement, therefore increasing the efficiency of the SCMEPP, which may have potential application to realize high-efficiency long-distance quantum communication.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Jun 20, 2023•4 citations

High efficient multipartite entanglement purification using hyperentanglement

Lan Zhou, Peishun Yan, Wei Zhong +1 more

Multipartite entanglement plays an important role in controlled quantum teleportation, quantum secret sharing, quantum metrology and some other important quantum information branches. However, the maximally multipartite entangled state will degrade into the mixed state because of the noise. We present an efficient multipartite entanglement purification protocol (EPP) which can distill the high quality entangled states from low quality entangled states for N-photon systems in a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state in only linear optics. After performing the protocol, the spatial-mode entanglement is used to purify the polarization entanglement and one pair of high quality polarization entangled state will be obtained. This EPP has several advantages. Firstly, with the same purification success probability, this EPP only requires one pair of multipartite GHZ state, while existing EPPs usually require two pairs of multipartite GHZ state. Secondly, if consider the practical transmission and detector efficiency, this EPP may be extremely useful for the ratio of purification efficiency is increased rapidly with both the number of photons and the transmission distance. Thirdly, this protocol requires linear optics and does not add additional measurement operations, so that it is feasible for experiment. All these advantages will make this protocol have potential application for future quantum information processing.

arXiv:2101.08920•Jan 22, 2021•2 citations

Efficient multipartite entanglement purification with non-identical states

Hao Qin, Ming‐Ming Du, Xi‐Yun Li +3 more

We present an efficient and general multipartite entanglement purification protocol (MEPP) for N-photon systems in Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states with non-identical input states. As a branch of entanglement purification, besides the cases of successful purification, the recurrence MEPP actually has the reusable discarded items which are usually regarded as a failure. Our protocol contains two parts for bit-flip error correction. The first one is the conventional MEPP, corresponding successful cases. The second one includes two efficient approaches, recycling purification with entanglement link and direct residual entanglement purification, that can utilize discarded items. We also make a comparison between two approaches. Which method to use depends on initial input states, and in most cases the approach of direct residual purification is optimal for it not only may obtain a higher fidelity entangled state but also it does not require additional sophisticated links. In addition, for phase-flip errors, the discarded items still have available residual entanglement in the case of different input states. With these approaches, this MEPP has a higher efficiency than all previous MEPPs and it may have potential applications in the future long-distance quantum communications and networks.

arXiv:2311.10250•Nov 17, 2023•2 citations

Deterministic polarization entanglement purification using time-bin entanglement

Yu‐Bo Sheng, Lan Zhou

We present a deterministic entanglement purification protocol (EPP) working with the currently available experiment techniques. In this protocol, we exploit the robust time-bin entanglement to purify the polarization entanglement determinately, which is quite different from the previous EPPs. After purification, the two parties in quantum communication can obtain a maximally entangled photon pair from each transmitted over a polarization-noise channel with a success probability of 100%, in principle. As the maximal polarization entanglement is of utmost importance in long-distance quantum communication, this protocol may be very useful in future applications.

arXiv:1311.0470•Laser Physics Letters•Jun 25, 2014•88 citations

Efficient multipartite entanglement purification with the entanglement link from a subspace

Fu‐Guo Deng

We present an efficient multipartite entanglement purification protocol (MEPP) for $N$-photon systems in a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state with parity-check detectors. It contains two parts. One is the conventional MEPP with which the parties can obtain a high-fidelity $N$-photon ensemble directly, similar to the MEPP with controlled-not gates. The other is our recycling MEPP in which the entanglement link is used to produce some $N$-photon entangled systems from entangled ${N}^{\ensuremath{'}}$-photon subsystems ($2\ensuremath{\leqslant}{N}^{\ensuremath{'}}<N$) coming from the instances which are just discarded in all existing conventional MEPPs. The entangled ${N}^{\ensuremath{'}}$-photon subsystems are obtained efficiently by measuring the photons with potential bit-flip errors. With these two parts, the present MEPP has a higher efficiency than all other conventional MEPPs.

arXiv:1110.0059•Physical Review A•Nov 11, 2011•115 citations

Fast multi-copy entanglement purification with linear optics

Chun Cai, Lan Zhou, Yu‐Bo Sheng

We describe an entanglement purification protocol for a polarization Bell state. Different from the previous protocols, it does not require the controlled-not gate, and only uses linear optical elements to complete the task. This protocol requires multi-copy degraded mixed states, which can make this protocol obtain a high fidelity in one purification step. It can also be extended to purify the multi-photon Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state. This protocol may be useful in future long-distance communication.

Chinese Physics B•Dec 1, 2015•8 citations
Abstract Multipartite entanglement has been widely employed in quantum information processing. However, the unavoidable noise in quantum channels causes the maximally multipartite entangled state to degrade to the mixed state. In this paper, we propose a highly efficient multipartite entanglement purification protocol (MEPP) for the polarization Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state. Unlike conventional MEPPs, where two pairs of polluted entanglement are usually required, our protocol only requires one noisy copy of polarization-time-bin hyperentanglement and exploits the time-bin entanglement to purify the polarization entanglement. This feature increases the efficiency of our MEPP. Our MEPP may have potential applications in long-distance quantum communication.
A multiparticle entangled state is an indispensable resource in quantum information processing. However, the inherent noise in quantum channels may degrade the maximally entangled state to a mixed entangled state. An entanglement purification protocol (EPP) is a powerful tool to distill high-quality entanglement from low-quality entanglement. Conventional multiparticle EPPs (MEPPs) mainly focus on two noisy copies. In this paper, we investigate a single-copy MEPP (SCMEPP) in linear optics that requires only a pair of hyperentanglements. Specifically, we first purify the bit-flip errors for three-particle polarization Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states at the cost of time-bin entanglement, and then an analysis of correcting the phase-flip errors is carried out. Additionally, we extend this SCMEPP into purification for arbitrary multiparticle GHZ states. Moreover, we discuss the discarding components that have been regarded as failure in conventional two-copy MEPPs, and they still have entanglement if the fidelities of the initial states satisfy specific conditions. This can be reused to distill high-quality entanglement, therefore increasing the efficiency of the SCMEPP, which may have potential application to realize high-efficiency long-distance quantum communication.
Multipartite entanglement plays an important role in controlled quantum teleportation, quantum secret sharing, quantum metrology and some other important quantum information branches. However, the maximally multipartite entangled state will degrade into the mixed state because of the noise. We present an efficient multipartite entanglement purification protocol (EPP) which can distill the high quality entangled states from low quality entangled states for N-photon systems in a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state in only linear optics. After performing the protocol, the spatial-mode entanglement is used to purify the polarization entanglement and one pair of high quality polarization entangled state will be obtained. This EPP has several advantages. Firstly, with the same purification success probability, this EPP only requires one pair of multipartite GHZ state, while existing EPPs usually require two pairs of multipartite GHZ state. Secondly, if consider the practical transmission and detector efficiency, this EPP may be extremely useful for the ratio of purification efficiency is increased rapidly with both the number of photons and the transmission distance. Thirdly, this protocol requires linear optics and does not add additional measurement operations, so that it is feasible for experiment. All these advantages will make this protocol have potential application for future quantum information processing.
We present an efficient and general multipartite entanglement purification protocol (MEPP) for N-photon systems in Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states with non-identical input states. As a branch of entanglement purification, besides the cases of successful purification, the recurrence MEPP actually has the reusable discarded items which are usually regarded as a failure. Our protocol contains two parts for bit-flip error correction. The first one is the conventional MEPP, corresponding successful cases. The second one includes two efficient approaches, recycling purification with entanglement link and direct residual entanglement purification, that can utilize discarded items. We also make a comparison between two approaches. Which method to use depends on initial input states, and in most cases the approach of direct residual purification is optimal for it not only may obtain a higher fidelity entangled state but also it does not require additional sophisticated links. In addition, for phase-flip errors, the discarded items still have available residual entanglement in the case of different input states. With these approaches, this MEPP has a higher efficiency than all previous MEPPs and it may have potential applications in the future long-distance quantum communications and networks.
We present a deterministic entanglement purification protocol (EPP) working with the currently available experiment techniques. In this protocol, we exploit the robust time-bin entanglement to purify the polarization entanglement determinately, which is quite different from the previous EPPs. After purification, the two parties in quantum communication can obtain a maximally entangled photon pair from each transmitted over a polarization-noise channel with a success probability of 100%, in principle. As the maximal polarization entanglement is of utmost importance in long-distance quantum communication, this protocol may be very useful in future applications.
We present an efficient multipartite entanglement purification protocol (MEPP) for NNN-photon systems in a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state with parity-check detectors. It contains two parts. One is the conventional MEPP with which the parties can obtain a high-fidelity NNN-photon ensemble directly, similar to the MEPP with controlled-not gates. The other is our recycling MEPP in which the entanglement link is used to produce some NNN-photon entangled systems from entangled ${N}^{\ensuremath{'}}$-photon subsystems ($2\ensuremath{\leqslant}{N}^{\ensuremath{'}}<N$) coming from the instances which are just discarded in all existing conventional MEPPs. The entangled ${N}^{\ensuremath{'}}$-photon subsystems are obtained efficiently by measuring the photons with potential bit-flip errors. With these two parts, the present MEPP has a higher efficiency than all other conventional MEPPs.
We describe an entanglement purification protocol for a polarization Bell state. Different from the previous protocols, it does not require the controlled-not gate, and only uses linear optical elements to complete the task. This protocol requires multi-copy degraded mixed states, which can make this protocol obtain a high fidelity in one purification step. It can also be extended to purify the multi-photon Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state. This protocol may be useful in future long-distance communication.