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arXiv:1311.0470 · Laser Physics Letters

Deterministic polarization entanglement purification using time-bin entanglement

Yu‐Bo Sheng, Lan Zhou

Published Jun 25, 2014• 88 citations
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Abstract

We present a deterministic entanglement purification protocol (EPP) working with the currently available experiment techniques. In this protocol, we exploit the robust time-bin entanglement to purify the polarization entanglement determinately, which is quite different from the previous EPPs. After purification, the two parties in quantum communication can obtain a maximally entangled photon pair from each transmitted over a polarization-noise channel with a success probability of 100%, in principle. As the maximal polarization entanglement is of utmost importance in long-distance quantum communication, this protocol may be very useful in future applications.

DOI
10.1088/1612-2011/11/8/085203

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We present a deterministic entanglement purification protocol (EPP) working with the currently available experiment techniques. In this protocol, we exploit the robust time-bin entanglement to purify the polarization entanglement determinately, which is quite different from the previous EPPs. After purification, the two parties in quantum communication can obtain a maximally entangled photon pair from each transmitted over a polarization-noise channel with a success probability of 100%, in principle. As the maximal polarization entanglement is of utmost importance in long-distance quantum communication, this protocol may be very useful in future applications.
Abstract Multipartite entanglement has been widely employed in quantum information processing. However, the unavoidable noise in quantum channels causes the maximally multipartite entangled state to degrade to the mixed state. In this paper, we propose a highly efficient multipartite entanglement purification protocol (MEPP) for the polarization Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state. Unlike conventional MEPPs, where two pairs of polluted entanglement are usually required, our protocol only requires one noisy copy of polarization-time-bin hyperentanglement and exploits the time-bin entanglement to purify the polarization entanglement. This feature increases the efficiency of our MEPP. Our MEPP may have potential applications in long-distance quantum communication.
Entanglement purification is a very important element for long-distance quantum communication. Different from all the existing entanglement purification protocols (EPPs) in which two parties can only obtain some quantum systems in a mixed entangled state with a higher fidelity probabilistically by consuming quantum resources exponentially, here we present a deterministic EPP with hyperentanglement. Using this protocol, the two parties can, in principle, obtain deterministically maximally entangled pure states in polarization without destroying any less-entangled photon pair, which will improve the efficiency of long-distance quantum communication exponentially. Meanwhile, it will be shown that this EPP can be used to complete nonlocal Bell-state analysis perfectly. We also discuss this EPP in a practical transmission.
Entanglement purification is a powerful method to distill the high-quality entanglement from low-quality entanglement. In the paper, we propose an efficient two-step entanglement purification protocol (EPP) for the polarization entanglement by using only one copy of two-photon hyperentangled state in polarization, spatial-mode, and time-bin DOFs. We suppose that the entanglement in all DOFs suffer from channel noise. In two purification steps, the parties can reduce the bit-flip error and phase-flip error in polarization DOF by consuming the imperfect entanglement in the spatial-mode and time-bin DOFs, respectively. This EPP effectively reduces the consumption of entanglement pairs and the experimental difficulty. Moreover, if consider the practical photon transmission and detector efficiencies, our EPP has much higher purification efficiency than previous recurrence EPPs. Meanwhile, when one or two purification steps fail, the distilled mixed state may have residual entanglement. Taking use of the residual entanglement, the parties may still distill higher-quality polarization entanglement. Even if not, they can still reuse the residual entanglement in the next purification round. The existence of residual entanglement benefits for increasing the yield of the EPP. All the above advantages make our EPP have potential application in future quantum information processing.
Multipartite entanglement plays an important role in controlled quantum teleportation, quantum secret sharing, quantum metrology and some other important quantum information branches. However, the maximally multipartite entangled state will degrade into the mixed state because of the noise. We present an efficient multipartite entanglement purification protocol (EPP) which can distill the high quality entangled states from low quality entangled states for N-photon systems in a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state in only linear optics. After performing the protocol, the spatial-mode entanglement is used to purify the polarization entanglement and one pair of high quality polarization entangled state will be obtained. This EPP has several advantages. Firstly, with the same purification success probability, this EPP only requires one pair of multipartite GHZ state, while existing EPPs usually require two pairs of multipartite GHZ state. Secondly, if consider the practical transmission and detector efficiency, this EPP may be extremely useful for the ratio of purification efficiency is increased rapidly with both the number of photons and the transmission distance. Thirdly, this protocol requires linear optics and does not add additional measurement operations, so that it is feasible for experiment. All these advantages will make this protocol have potential application for future quantum information processing.
Abstract We present two schemes for error-correction of polarization entanglement with time-bin entanglement and frequency entanglement in hyper-entangled state. In these two protocols, by performing the polarization parity-check operation, the bit-flip and phase-flip errors on the polarization part can be corrected and eliminated in one step. The parties in quantum communication can obtain maximally hyper-entangled states in two degrees of freedom in a deterministic way. Our protocols for purification are useful in practical applications for long-distance quantum communication.
We present an efficient strategy for sharing multipartite polarization entanglement between distant locations via the noisy channel assisted by the time-bin degree of freedom. We demonstrate an entanglement purification protocol for the three-qubit Greenberge–Horne–Zeilinger state and an entanglement distribution protocol for the three-qubit W state. We also generalize the protocol to distribute arbitrary N-photon polarization states to N distant locations. Our schemes do not consume a large number of less-entangled systems and the remote parties can share the desired state in a deterministic way with 100% fidelity in principle. These advantages make our method useful and practical in long-distance quantum communication.