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Scientific Reports

The role of tunable nonlinear dark resonances on vacuum Rabi splitting and optical bistability in an atom-cavity system

Sijia Hui, Feng Wen, Minghui Zhang, Shaowei Zhang, Yuanjie Yang, Zhiping Dai, YungPeng Su, Yanpeng Zhang, Hongxing Wang

Published May 18, 2021• 1 citation

Abstract

The phenomenon of "dark resonances" is a well-known concept in quantum optics and laser spectroscopy. As a general rule, interactions involving in such a "dark state" lead to multiple quantum superposition states that interact coherently and are undesirable. In this paper, two types nonlinear interaction in an atomic cavity, namely the nested and cascaded interactions, are theoretically analyzed how the dark resonances form the dark state peak to modulate the vacuum Rabi splitting (VRS) and optical bistability (OB) behavior. In both the zero- and high order modes, there are four VRS peaks generated in the nested interaction and three in the cascade interaction. Dark resonance can modulate not only the peak number of VRS, but also the OB thresholds. It is found that dark state can determine the asymmetric OB distribution of nested type and symmetric OB distribution of cascade type. Besides that, the distinctive OB thresholds in two kinds of interaction also be studied. The observations not only conceptually extend the conventional "dark resonances" phenomenon, but also opens the door for a variety of new applications in tunable all-optical switch and quantum communication.

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89652-z

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The phenomenon of "dark resonances" is a well-known concept in quantum optics and laser spectroscopy. As a general rule, interactions involving in such a "dark state" lead to multiple quantum superposition states that interact coherently and are undesirable. In this paper, two types nonlinear interaction in an atomic cavity, namely the nested and cascaded interactions, are theoretically analyzed how the dark resonances form the dark state peak to modulate the vacuum Rabi splitting (VRS) and optical bistability (OB) behavior. In both the zero- and high order modes, there are four VRS peaks generated in the nested interaction and three in the cascade interaction. Dark resonance can modulate not only the peak number of VRS, but also the OB thresholds. It is found that dark state can determine the asymmetric OB distribution of nested type and symmetric OB distribution of cascade type. Besides that, the distinctive OB thresholds in two kinds of interaction also be studied. The observations not only conceptually extend the conventional "dark resonances" phenomenon, but also opens the door for a variety of new applications in tunable all-optical switch and quantum communication.

We theoretically demonstrate the influence of dark and bright states on vacuum Rabi splitting (VRS) and optical bistability (OB) of the multi-wave-mixing (MWM) process in a collective four-level atomic-cavity coupling system. We numerically investigate the multidressed VRS and OB behavior of the zero- and high-order transmitted cavity modes of MWM signals. A further study demonstrates that VRS and self-Kerr nonlinearity OB can coexist and compete with each other in a cascade relationship, based on which we achieve the goal to control VRS and OB simultaneously through the dark state in the atomic system.

The relationship between optical bistability (OB) and vacuum Rabi splitting is experimentally demonstrated in an atomic ensemble confined in a three-mirror optical cavity. The vacuum-induced splitting and bright states can effectively affect the bistable behaviour by manipulating multiple parameters such as atomic density and detuning. Also, we observed another kind of “∞”-shape OB by scanning the probe/cavity detuning. The study can make a contribution to better understand the OB and other dynamical behaviours in a composite atom-cavity system.

We report experimental measurements of the transmission spectrum of an optical cavity coupled with cold Rb atoms. We observe the multiatom vacuum Rabi splitting of a composite cavity and atom system. When a coupling field is applied to the atoms and induces the resonant two-photon Raman transition with the cavity field in a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type system, we observe a cavity transmission spectrum with two vacuum Rabi sidebands and a central peak representing the intracavity dark state. The central peak linewidth is significantly narrowed by the dark-state resonance and its position is insensitive to the frequency change of the empty cavity.

We investigated the optical bistability (OB), which is manipulated by double dark resonances, in a [Formula: see text]-type four-level atomic system with a unidirectional ring cavity. It is found that, with the interaction of double dark resonances, the bistable threshold intensity becomes weaker and the hysteresis loop becomes narrower by tuning properly the detuning of microwave field. Also, the influence of the intensity and frequency detuning of the microwave field on switching on or off the optical bistable behavior is studied, which is used to provide the theoretical guidance for controlling and optimizing all optical switching process. Our numerical results are explained by using a dressed-state approach.

The behavior of optical bistability (OB) in linear triple quantum dot molecules (QDMs) using double tunneling coupling by means of a unidirectional ring cavity is investigated. The linear and nonlinear susceptibilities of the system are also investigated. The double tunneling between the quantum dots can induce the interaction of double dark resonances, which can enhance the nonlinear response of the system. The type, the hysteresis loop, and the threshold of OB can be controlled by the intensity of the double tunneling and the detuning of the probe field. Our results give insights for future experiments and applications in optics using QDMs.

Abstract We demonstrate experimental observation of vacuum Rabi splitting (VRS) of four-wave mixing and six-wave mixing in a collective five-level atomic-cavity coupling system. We study the control of VRS via changing the dressing effect of the vacuum cavity mode; i.e., the cavity mode dressing effect can selectively split the right or left peak when cavity-atom detuning and atom number N are changed. We further report that the cavity window and two electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) windows induced by the dressing field interfere with each other because of different two-photon conditions they satisfy. Additionally, we investigate the self-dressing field effect on VRS of six-wave mixing (SWM) inside the cavity. Such investigation results can find application in all-optical switches and optical communications.