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Successful Operation of a 1 THz NbN Hot-Electron Bolometer Receiver

Edward Tong, Jon Kawamura, T. R. Hunter, D. C. Papa, R. Blundell, Mark Smith, FERDINAND PATT, G. N. Gol'tsman, E. Gershenzon

Published May 1, 2000• 10 citations
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To put space-based and airborne heterodyne instruments into operation at frequencies above 1 THz the superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer (HEB) will be incorporated into heterodyne receiver as a mixer. At frequencies above 1.3 THz the sensitivity of the NbN HEB mixers outperform the one of the Schottky diodes and SIS-mixers, and the receiver noise temperature of the NbN HEB mixers increase with frequency. In this paper we present the results of the noise temperature measurements within one batch of NbN HEB mixers based on 3.5 mn thick superconducting NbN film grown on Si substrate with MgO buffer layer at the LO frequencies 2.5 THz and 3.8 THz.
In this paper, we describe a superconducting hot-electron-bolometer mixer receiver developed to operate in atmospheric windows between 800-1300 GHz. The receiver uses a waveguide mixer element made of 3-4-nm-thick NbN film deposited over crystalline quartz. This mixer yields double-sideband receiver noise temperatures of 1000 K at around 1.0 THz, and 1600 K at 1.26 THz, at an IF of 3.0 GHz. The receiver was successfully tested in the laboratory using a gas cell as a spectral line test source. It is now in use on the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory terahertz test telescope in northern Chile.
Terahertz NbN heterodyne hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer receivers currently provide the lowest receiver noise temperatures from about 1.2 THz to 5 THz. However, it has been well documented that these receivers are less stable, as quantified by the Allan variance, than other THz receivers (SIS and Schottky barrier diode mixers). In this paper we directly address the intermediate frequency (IF) stability of (HEB) receivers by designing and implementing a feedback system to stabilize the bias of the HEB device. We report a continuum Allan time of at least 20 seconds for a THz NbN HEB receiver.