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Journal of Scientific Research

Squeezing in the Difference of the Fields in Degenerate Four-and Five-wave Interaction Processes

Nitu Sahu, Dilip Kumar Giri

Published May 1, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Squeezing in the difference of the fields in degenerate four- and five-wave interaction processes is studied. It is shown that the difference squeezing can be led to normal squeezing of the field for uncorrelated modes. It is found that the amplitude-squared squeezing of the fundamental mode directly converted into the normal squeezing of the signal mode in the four-wave interaction process and amplitude-cubed of the fundamental directly converted into the normal squeezing of the signal mode in the five-wave interaction process. Detection of higher-order squeezing in these processes is also studied. It is observed that difference squeezing responds nonlinearly to the number of pump photons and found greater in the stimulated process than in spontaneous one. Difference squeezing exists only in certain domain value of pump photons. It is inferred that the multi-photon absorption process is more suitable for the generation of optimum squeezed light.

DOI
10.3329/jsr.v13i2.49614

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We studied squeezing in the difference of the field amplitude in degenerate six wave interaction process, which is a higher-order squeezing effect.It is shown that for uncorrelated modes the normal squeezing in the difference-frequency field directly depends on the difference squeezing of input field modes.It is established that the amplitude-squared squeezing of the fundamental feeds directly into the normal squeezing of the signal mode.Detection of difference and amplitude-squared squeezing in this process is also studied.It is found that squeezing is greater in stimulated process than in spontaneous interaction.
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We investigate theoretically the generation of squeezed states in spontaneous and stimulated six-wave mixing process quantum mechanically. It has been found that squeezing occurs in field amplitude, amplitude-squared, amplitude-cubed, and fourth power of field amplitude of fundamental mode in the process. It is found to be dependent on coupling parameter “g” (characteristics of higher-order susceptibility tensor) and phase values of the field amplitude under short-time approximation. Six-wave mixing is a process which involves absorption of three pump photons and emission of two probe photons of the same frequency and a signal photon of different frequency. It is shown that squeezing is greater in a stimulated interaction than the corresponding squeezing in spontaneous process. The degree of squeezing depends upon the photon number in first and higher orders of field amplitude. We study the statistical behaviour of quantum field in the fundamental mode and found it to be sub-Poissonian in nature. The signal-to-noise ratio has been studied in different orders. It is found that signal-to-noise ratio is higher in lower orders. This study when supplemented with experimental observations offers possibility of improving performance of many optical devices and optical communication networks.
The occurrence of fourth and fifth-order squeezing in the fundamental mode of the electromagnetic field in spontaneous and stimulated Raman processes under the short-time approximation is investigated on the basis of a fully quantum-mechanical approach. In an idealized model, the Raman process is looked upon as a two-photon on a one phonon interaction process. The coupled Heisenberg equations of motion involving real and imaginary parts of the quadrature operators are established. The dependence of fourth- and fifth-order squeezing in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio on the number of photons is investigated. We have also established the amplitude squeezing effects in the Stokes and vibrational modes, which is found to be dependent on higher-order difference squeezing showing a difference squeezing that can be converted to normal squeezing.
Sum squeezing of the field amplitude is studied in the nondegenerate and degenerate frequency upconversion process under the short interaction time. It is shown that sum squeezing can be converted into normal squeezing via sum-frequency generation in the nondegenerate frequency upconversion process, while the amplitude-squared squeezing of the fundamental mode directly changed into the squeezing of the harmonic in the degenerate frequency upconversion process. All reachable conditions of uncorrelated modes for obtaining a sum squeezing in two modes and its dependence on the squeezing of individual field modes are investigated. It is found that the squeezed states are associated with large number of pump photons. It is also confirmed that the higher-order squeezing (sum squeezing) is directly associated with coupling of the field and interaction time.