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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Twenty millisecond electron-spin coherence in an erbium doped crystal

Marianne Le Dantec, Miloš Rančić, Emmanuel Flurin, D. Vion, D. Estève, Patrice Bertet, Philippe Goldner, T. Chanelière, Sylvain Bertaina, Sen Lin, Ren‐Bao Liu

Published Mar 15, 2021• 0 citations
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Erbium-doped solids are prime candidates for quantum memories in optical quantum networks given their telecom-compatible photon emission. An electron spin of erbium with millisecond coherence time is desirable for generating remote entanglement between adjacent quantum network nodes. Here we report GHz-range electron-spin transitions of 167Er3+{}^{167}{\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}167Er3+ in a yttrium oxide (Y2O3{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}Y2​O3​) matrix with coherence times that are consistently longer than a millisecond. By polarizing paramagnetic impurity spins we achieve a spin T2{T}_{2}T2​ up to 1.46 ms, and up to 7.1 ms after dynamical decoupling. These coherence lifetimes are among the longest found for erbium in crystalline matrices despite the presence of host nuclear spins. We further enhance the coherence time beyond conventional dynamical decoupling, using customized sequences to simultaneously mitigate spectral diffusion and dipolar interactions. Our study not only establishes 167Er3+{}^{167}{\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}167Er3+: Y2O3{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}Y2​O3​ as a significant quantum memory platform but also provides a guideline for engineering long-lived erbium spins in a variety of host materials for quantum technologies.
Erbium doped crystals offer a versatile platform for hybrid quantum devices because they combine magnetically sensitive electron-spin transitions with telecom-wavelength optical transitions. At the high doping concentrations necessary for many quantum applications, however, strong magnetic interactions of the electron-spin bath lead to excess spectral diffusion and rapid decoherence. Here we lithographically fabricate a 4.4 GHz superconducting planar microresonator on a CaWO4{\text{CaWO}}_{4}CaWO4​ crystal doped with Er ions at a concentration of 20 ppm relative to Ca. Using the microwave resonator, we characterize the spectral diffusion processes that limit the electron-spin coherence of Er ions at millikelvin temperatures by applying two- and three-pulse echo sequences. The coherence time shows a strong temperature dependence, reaching 1.3 ms at 23 mK for an electron-spin transition of 167Er^{167}\mathrm{Er}167Er.