This paper presents a Quantum versus classical implemented of Machine learning (ML) algorithm applied to a diabetes dataset. Diabetes is a Sixth deadliest disease in the world and approximately 10 million new cases are registered every year worldwide. Using novel Quantum computing (QC) along with Quantum Machine Learning (QML) techniques in the healthcare system to improve and accelerate the computing of existing ML models that allows the different approach to understanding the complex patterns of the disease. The proposed system tackles a binary classification problem of patients with diabetes into two different classes: diabetes patients with acute diseases and diabetes patients without acute diseases. Our study compares classical and quantum algorithms, namely Decision Tree, Random Forest, Extreme Boosting Gradient and Adaboost, Qboost, Voting Model 1, Voting Model 2, Qboost Plus, New model 1 and New Model 2 along with an ensemble method which creates a strong classifier from a committee of weak classifiers. The results we achieved using the validation metrics of the New Model 1 showed an overall precision of 69%, a recall of 69%, an F1-Score of 69%, a specificity of 69% and an accuracy of 69% on our diabetes dataset, with an increase of the computation speed by 55 times in comparison of the classical system. Our study has proved that QC improves the computational speed and its inclusion in medical applications will deliver faster results to physicians and caregivers.
This paper presents a Quantum versus classical implemented of Machine learning (ML) algorithm applied to a diabetes dataset. Diabetes is a Sixth deadliest disease in the world and approximately 10 million new cases are registered every year worldwide. Using novel Quantum computing (QC) along with Quantum Machine Learning (QML) techniques in the healthcare system to improve and accelerate the computing of existing ML models that allows the different approach to understanding the complex patterns of the disease. The proposed system tackles a binary classification problem of patients with diabetes into two different classes: diabetes patients with acute diseases and diabetes patients without acute diseases. Our study compares classical and quantum algorithms, namely Decision Tree, Random Forest, Extreme Boosting Gradient and Adaboost, Qboost, Voting Model 1, Voting Model 2, Qboost Plus, New model 1 and New Model 2 along with an ensemble method which creates a strong classifier from a committee of weak classifiers. The results we achieved using the validation metrics of the New Model 1 showed an overall precision of 69%, a recall of 69%, an F1-Score of 69%, a specificity of 69% and an accuracy of 69% on our diabetes dataset, with an increase of the computation speed by 55 times in comparison of the classical system. Our study has proved that QC improves the computational speed and its inclusion in medical applications will deliver faster results to physicians and caregivers.
Abstract The paper focused on the implementation of Quantum machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques in diagnosing diseases, specifically focusing on diabetes. The paper proposed an ensemble approach that combined classical algorithms with quantum processing unit (QPU)--based algorithms to improve the performance of a model. The diabetes dataset used in the study is obtained from the (Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) repository, and the goal is to classify patients as either diabetic or non-diabetic. The ensemble algorithms examined in the study include Voting classifier, Adaboost, Xgboost, Catboost, and QPU-based Qboost. While Qboost demonstrates some quantum speedup, its performance is not satisfactory. Therefore, the proposed hybrid model is developed to enhance the performance metrics. The hybrid model achieves an average accuracy, precision, recall, f1 score, and AUC score of 0.89, 0.85, 0.95, 0.90, and 0.96, respectively, on the diabetes dataset. In comparison, the top-performing Adaboost algorithm achieves an average accuracy, precision, recall, f1 score, and AUC score of 0.94, 0.91, 0.98, 0.94, and 0.98, respectively. The paper concludes that while quantum computing (QC) significantly improves computation speed, it comes at a slight cost of a 5 \% decrease in classification metrics and 0.186 in the AUC score. Additionally, the study suggests that further development of Quantum computing hardware will enhance overall performance metrics.
Diabetes remains one of the common chronic diseases around the world and finding a good early prediction from clinical and lifestyle data is very important for timely help. Classical machine learning models such as regression, decision trees and random forests have been used for this purpose but the complicated non‑linear connections among clinical features might need richer ways of representation. Quantum Machine Learning (QML) gives an approach using quantum feature encoding and variational circuits to find patterns that are expensive to express with classical methods. In this study we show a diabetes prediction pipeline that compares baseline models—logistic regression, decision tree and random forest—with two quantum classifiers built in Qiskit: a Quantum Support Vector Classifier (QSVC) and a Variational Quantum Classifier (VQC). Using the Pima Indians Diabetes dataset we test all models on accuracy, precision, recall and F1‑score. The results show that the classical Random Forest classifier reaches the accuracy (0.73) beating both quantum classifiers. The Quantum Support Vector Classifier (QSVC 0.66) and the Variational Quantum Classifier (VQC 0.65) are still competitive. Do not outdo the classical baselines. These results agree with reports that in the present Noisy Intermediate‑Scale Quantum (NISQ) era quantum models usually match rather than surpass well‑tuned classical approaches on standard health‑care data and that a real quantum advantage will need larger data, deeper circuits and testing, on real quantum hardware.
This paper shows the distinction between Quantum and Classical Machine Learning techniques appeal to a diabetic mellitus dataset. Diabetes mellitus is like series of diseases that affect the body and deplete blood sugar levels (insulin). In our bodies, glucose is an important source of energy for powering mitochondria, the cells' function that make muscles and tissues strong. We use many machine learning classifiers such as Support Vector Machine, Kernel Principal Component Analysis, Bayesian Network and Decision Tree etc. These models are able predict a certain amount of data, while in case of large data there is significant amount of error and low accuracy rate, A new method known as quantum machine learning (QML) is nothing but the collaboration of machine learning in the way of quantum algorithms the term used for machine learning algorithms executed in a quantum computer for analysis of classical data is known as quantum-enhanced machine learning. In this method we are predicting diabetes mellitus using quantum machine learning algorithms which able to handle the huge data with high accuracy rate of 97% and F1-Score of 68%.Our study having implemented models of Predicted & Enhanced models.
Machine Learning (ML) approaches have achieved high performance by discovering underlying data patterns and structures. Diabetes is a life-threatening disease that affects vital organs such as the eyes (retinopathy), nerves (neuropathy), heart and kidneys (nephropathy). Although various ML models have been proposed for diabetes prediction, most struggle to effectively handle large, multi-feature datasets. Quantum Machine Learning (QML), which integrates quantum computing principles with machine learning, offers a promising solution for complex classification tasks. However, effective feature extraction remains challenging on current NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum) devices due to hardware limitations. In this study, a Differentiable Quantum Circuit with Classical PCA Feature Compression is proposed for medical disease classification using a SMOTE-ENN resampled dataset and a penalized binary cross-entropy cost function to enhance quantum learning. The efficient ansatz designed in this work plays a crucial role in determining the model’s learning capability and feature extraction performance. To evaluate the robustness and generalization capability of the proposed model, three categories of medical datasets are considered. The primary focus is on diabetes classification using four diabetes-related datasets, while additional experiments are conducted on liver disease and chronic kidney disease datasets to assess the adaptability of the proposed framework across multiple healthcare domains. Six datasets from UCI, Mendeley and IEEE repositories are used: PIMA Indian Diabetes, Type-2 Diabetes, a private RTML Insulin dataset, Indian Liver Patient Dataset (ILPD), Early-Stage Diabetes Risk Prediction Dataset (ESDRPD) and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). The proposed quantum model is simulated using the PennyLane quantum simulator and compared against preprocessed classical classifiers. Experimental results demonstrate remarkable efficiency and rapid convergence within 10--20 epochs, achieving high F1-scores of 96.15% (PIMA), 97.50% (Type-2), 98.04% (RTML), 89.47% (ILPD), 98.66% (ESDRPD) and 97.84% (CKD). These findings demonstrate that the proposed quantum model efficiently extracts relevant features and effectively handles medical disease classification tasks, highlighting its strong potential for practical healthcare applications.
Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common reasons of increases the global death rate, suggesting initial detection and timely treatment crucial. While traditional machine learning models have been effective in predicting heart disease, Quantum Computing (QC) introduces new possibilities for improving accuracy and processing speed. In this regard the application of Quantum Machine Learning (QML) approaches-categorically, Quantum Neural Networks (QNN) and Quantum Support Vector Classification (QSVC)-to predict heart disease using key health indicators such as present-age, levels of cholesterol, Blood Pressure (BP), and lifestyle choices. QNN is utilized to recognize complex patterns in patient data, leveraging deep learning to understand intricate connections between various risk factors. Meanwhile, QSVC takes advantage of QC ability to compute large amounts of information at once, making classification faster and more precise. Both models are trained and tested on a heart disease dataset and compared with traditional machine learning methods to assess their accuracy, efficiency, and scalability. The results show that while quantum and classical models achieve similar accuracy, quantum computing significantly reduces processing time, making it highly efficient for analyzing large datasets. This study highlights the strength of QC in transforming medical diagnostics, offering faster and more reliable predictive models for early heart disease detection. By integrating quantum algorithms into healthcare, this research contributes to the advancement of AI-driven medical solutions, resulting in more efficient and individual patient care.
The early detection and accurate classification of diabetes health indicators are crucial for effective disease management and prevention. This study aims to compare the performance of classical and quantum machine learning models in feature selection and classification on the Diabetes Health Indicators dataset. Initially, classical machine learning methods were employed to preprocess the data, including normalization and scaling, followed by feature selection using Lasso regression. Various traditional models, such as Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, Random Forests, Gradient Boosting, K-Nearest Neighbors, and Naive Bayes, were evaluated. Among these, the Logistic Regression model achieved the highest accuracy at 85%, while other models also demonstrated competitive performance with accuracies ranging from 82% to 85%. Subsequently, quantum machine learning techniques were applied using the selected features to assess their effectiveness. Quantum circuits were created using Cirq, and parameter optimization was performed through Quantum Feature Mapping and Quantum Feature Transformation. The Quantum Support Vector Machine (QSVM) model attained an accuracy of 84.33%, showing potential for matching the performance of traditional models. The results suggest that quantum machine learning models can offer comparable accuracy to classical methods in the classification of diabetes health indicators. This study highlights the potential benefits of integrating quantum techniques in complex data processing and recommends further exploration in future research to fully harness the capabilities of quantum machine learning.