Abstract Multicast-based quantum teleportation (QT) is extensively used in quantum information transmission where a sender sends different information to multiple receivers at the large distance through the quantum entangled channel. In this paper, we introduce the multi-output QT scheme, which deals with the situation that the synchronous transfer of the arbitrary m - and ( m +1)-qubit GHZ-class states from one sender to two receivers. Notably, the requirement about synchronous diverse information transmission is satisfied in our scheme with high efficiency. Moreover, we demonstrate the implementation of the special case of above quantum multi-output teleportation scheme on a sixteen-qubit quantum computer and a 32-qubit simulator provided by IBM quantum platform, then discuss it in four types of noisy environments, and calculate the fidelities of the output states.
Abstract Multicast-based quantum teleportation (QT) is extensively used in quantum information transmission where a sender sends different information to multiple receivers at the large distance through the quantum entangled channel. In this paper, we introduce the multi-output QT scheme, which deals with the situation that the synchronous transfer of the arbitrary m - and ( m +1)-qubit GHZ-class states from one sender to two receivers. Notably, the requirement about synchronous diverse information transmission is satisfied in our scheme with high efficiency. Moreover, we demonstrate the implementation of the special case of above quantum multi-output teleportation scheme on a sixteen-qubit quantum computer and a 32-qubit simulator provided by IBM quantum platform, then discuss it in four types of noisy environments, and calculate the fidelities of the output states.
Recently, Yu et al., (Commun. Theor. Phys. 73 (2021) 085103) has proposed a scheme for "multi-output quantum teleportation" and has implemented the scheme using an IBM quantum computer. In their so called multicast-based quantum teleportation scheme, a sender (Alice) teleported two different quantum states (one of which is a m-qubit GHZ class state and the other is a (m+1)-qubit GHZ class state) to the two receivers. To perform the task, a five-qubit cluster state was used as a quantum channel, and the scheme was realized using IBM quantum computer for m = 1. In this comment, it is shown that the quantum resources used by Yu et al., was extensively high. One can perform the same task of two-party quantum teleportation using two Bell states only. The modified scheme for multi-output teleportation using optimal resources has also been implemented using IBM quantum computer for m = 1 and the obtained result is compared with the result of Yu et al.
With the deepening of research on quantum information transmission, multicast-based quantum teleportation (QT) has attracted considerable attention. In this paper, utilizing the six-qubit cluster state entanglement feature, a synchronous multicast-based QT scheme is presented, which fulfills multicast-based QT among four participants. This means that a controller is not needed, the sender Alice can realize quantum multicast communication successfully and efficiently, which makes the receivers Bob, Charlie and David gain the desired states synchronously with only knowing the measurement outcomes of Alice. Our scheme realizes the synchronous transmission of different coded information. In addition, we analyze the impact of four distinct noises and calculate the fidelities of the output states.
Abstract The development of quantum communication technologies has made the efficient transmission and processing of quantum states increasingly important. This paper first introduces a traditional multi-hop quantum teleportation scheme based on simultaneous entanglement swapping(SES). In this scheme, different quantum channels are used for odd-hop and even-hop quantum teleportation, respectively. The specific quantum communication processes of two-hop, three-hop, and four-hop are introduced in turn, and the transmission law of n-hop quantum teleportation is summarized. On this basis, a multi-level hierarchical simultaneous entanglement swapping(MHSES) scheme for multi-hop quantum teleportation is further proposed, which is achieved by dividing the multi-hop quantum network into multiple segments with multiple levels of processing. In each level, the intermediate nodes only need to send the measurement results to the nodes at the end of the segment, thus greatly reducing the forwarding of classical information. IBM Qiskit was used to simulate the operation of these two schemes in ideal and noisy environments. Finally, the proposed scheme is compared with the existing conventional quantum teleportation schemes, and the results show that the proposed scheme achieves better results in terms of reduced classical resource consumption and reduced time delay.
Abstract We present an innovative approach for quantum teleportation (QT) in a three-dimensional (3D) quantum system, enabling the transmission of 3D quantum information from multiple senders to multiple receivers using a 3D maximally entangled GHZ-type state as a network channel.By substituting the quantum channel with a partially entangled GHZ-type state in a three-dimensional (3D) setting, we obtain an extension of the above scheme in which, when an auxiliary qubit is introduced, the receivers implement a two-particle unitary transformation and some proper 3D Weyl operators to jointly reconstruct the transmitted state with a certain probability and unit fidelity. Subsequently, inspired by the proposed schemes, a protocol for transferring a shared d-dimensional (dD) quantum state to multiple distant parties by using a dD maximally entangled GHZ-type state as quantum channel is presented, and it is generalized to the case of a dD partially entangled GHZ-type network channel by introducing an auxiliary qubit and executing a two-particle unitary transformation. Our schemes can relay quantum information over a network without requiring fully trusted central or intermediate nodes, and none of the participants can fully accesses the information.
Quantum multi-hop teleportation is important in the field of quantum communication. In this paper, we proposed a Multi-hop quantum teleportation scheme of the 6-qubit entangled state. In the proposed scheme, the sender teleports the desired information by transmitting a 6-qubit entangled quantum state to the receiver through the N intermediate nodes between the source node and destination node. Therefore, the sender and receiver are not in direct connection with each other, and the information is teleported in Multi-hop between the N neighbor nodes. Also, in this scheme, the 7-qubit entangled states as quantum channels are shared between neighbor nodes. Always, teleportation processes over long distances are problematic because of the existence of the environmental noise which is almost inescapable and adversely affects the entangled quantum channel. This scheme explains the quantum teleportation between N nodes in N-1 steps and it is suitable for teleportation processes over long distances. Also, we calculate the efficiency of this scheme and indicate the advantages of this protocol.
Abstract Implementing quantum wireless multi-hop network communication is essential to improve the global quantum network system. In this paper, we employ eight-level GHZ states as quantum channels to realize multi-hop quantum communication, and utilize the logical relationship between the measurements of each node to derive the unitary operation performed by the end node. The hierarchical simultaneous entanglement switching (HSES) method is adopted, resulting in a significant reduction in the consumption of classical information compared to multi-hop quantum teleportation (QT) based on general simultaneous entanglement switching (SES). In addition, the proposed protocol is simulated on the IBM Quantum Experiment platform (IBM QE). Then, the data obtained from the experiment are analyzed using quantum state tomography, which verifies the protocol’s good fidelity and accuracy. Finally, by calculating fidelity, we analyze the impact of four different types of noise (phase-damping, amplitude-damping, phase-flip and bit-flip) in this protocol.