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Physica Scripta

Quantum teleportation of shared high-dimensional quantum secret

Peng Jia-yin, Nueraminaimu Maihemuti, Yimamujiang Aisan, Zhen Yang

Published Jul 11, 2024• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We present an innovative approach for quantum teleportation (QT) in a three-dimensional (3D) quantum system, enabling the transmission of 3D quantum information from multiple senders to multiple receivers using a 3D maximally entangled GHZ-type state as a network channel.By substituting the quantum channel with a partially entangled GHZ-type state in a three-dimensional (3D) setting, we obtain an extension of the above scheme in which, when an auxiliary qubit is introduced, the receivers implement a two-particle unitary transformation and some proper 3D Weyl operators to jointly reconstruct the transmitted state with a certain probability and unit fidelity. Subsequently, inspired by the proposed schemes, a protocol for transferring a shared d-dimensional (dD) quantum state to multiple distant parties by using a dD maximally entangled GHZ-type state as quantum channel is presented, and it is generalized to the case of a dD partially entangled GHZ-type network channel by introducing an auxiliary qubit and executing a two-particle unitary transformation. Our schemes can relay quantum information over a network without requiring fully trusted central or intermediate nodes, and none of the participants can fully accesses the information.

DOI
10.1088/1402-4896/ad623d

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Very recently, Lee et al. proposed a secure quantum teleportation protocol to transfer shared quantum secret between multiple parties in a network [Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 060501 (2020)]. This quantum network is encoded with a maximally entangled GHZ state. In this paper, we consider a partially entangled GHZ state as the entanglement channel, where it can achieve, probabilistically, unity fidelity transfer of the state. Two kinds of strategies are given. One arises when an auxiliary particle is introduced and a general evolution at any receiver’s location is then adopted. The other one involves performing a single generalized Bell-state measurement at the location of any sender. This could allow the receivers to recover the transmitted state with a certain probability, in which only the local Pauli operators are performed, instead of introducing an auxiliary particle. In addition, the successful probability is provided, which is determined by the degree of entanglement of the partially multipartite entangled state. Moreover, the proposed protocol is robust against the bit and phase flip noise.
We give the detailed processes for sharing a four-qubit pure entangled state as quantum channel in amplitude damping (AD) network channel via entanglement compensation.We propose a secure (2,2)-type quantum teleportation (QT) scheme based on this AD network channel, which allows 2-dimensional quantum information shared by 2 senders to be teleported to 2 receivers in such a way that after performing two Bell-state measurements by two senders, the original target state can be probabilistically reconstructed through introducing an auxiliary qubit and executing appropriate local unitary operations provided that all the receivers collaborate. We then extend it to the transmission of a 2-dimensional quantum secret state shared by n senders to m receivers (i.e., (n,m)-type QT of shared 2-dimensional quantum secret) from the perspectives of projective measurement, positive-operator-valued measurement (POVM) and generalized Bell-state measurement. Furthermore, we generalize the above (n,m)-type QT to the case of transmitting a shared d-dimensional quantum secret state. Our approach enables efficient and distributed quantum information relay, eliminating the need for a fully trusted central or intermediary node. The results show that our schemes achieve unit fidelity, though the success probabilities are less than 1. More interestingly, the QT protocol for high-dimensional quantum states exhibits a higher success probability than low-dimensional states under equivalent AD conditions.
Quantum teleportation is a fundamental building block of quantum communications and quantum computations, transferring quantum states between distant physical entities. In the context of quantum secret sharing, the teleportation of quantum information shared by multiple parties without concentrating the information at any place is essential, and this cannot be realized by any previous scheme. We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel teleportation protocol that enables one to perform this task. It is jointly performed by distributed participants, while none of them can fully access the information. Our scheme can be extended to arbitrary numbers of senders and receivers and to fault-tolerant quantum networks by incorporating error-correction codes.
Quantum secret-sharing is a fundamental technique in quantum communication and plays a crucial role in high-dimensional quantum secret transmission. This paper investigates the teleportation of arbitrary d-dimensional multipartite quantum secrets and proposes both deterministic and probabilistic teleportation protocols. The schemes employ generalized Bell-state measurements, generalized Pauli operators, and auxiliary particles to achieve efficient and secure quantum secret-sharing. The deterministic protocol employs maximally entangled channels to achieve perfect sharing with unit success probability. Moreover, the probabilistic protocol, assisted by auxiliary particles and generalized unitary operations, achieves perfect fidelity quantum secret sharing via non-maximally entangled channels. The protocols are further extended to arbitrary d-dimensional systems, and their robustness under several common quantum noise models is analyzed numerically. Compared with previous schemes, the proposed protocols support arbitrary multipartite entangled states, high-dimensional systems, non-maximally entangled channels, and noise analysis within a unified framework. These results enrich the theory of high-dimensional quantum communication and provide practical approaches for future quantum secret-sharing and secure quantum networks.
This study advances economical Quantum Teleportation (QT) schemes for cat states across arbitrary dimensional Hilbert spaces. First, we develop a protocol for teleporting an unknown two-dimensional cat state using a three-dimensional maximally entangled three-qutrit quantum channel. The approach involves constructing a complete orthogonal nonsymmetric measurement basis, where the sender performs joint measurements on three particles. The receiver then applies dimension-specific unitary operations conditioned on measurement outcomes to reconstruct the target state. Subsequently, we extend this protocol by replacing the maximally entangled channel with a nonmaximally entangled three-qutrit state. Through auxiliary qubit introduction and optimized operations, the two-qubit cat state is probabilistically recovered. We derive the success probability for both protocols, demonstrating that the nonmaximally entangled case generalizes the former scheme. Further generalization is achieved through two nonsymmetric basis constructions: (i) Scaling quantum channel dimension from 3 to [Formula: see text] dimensions; (ii) Extending transmitted cat states from 2 to [Formula: see text] dimensions [Formula: see text]. These dual-dimensional generalizations establish distinct economical advantages over existing QT schemes.
We first propose a novel protocol to realize quantum cloning of an arbitrary unknown shared state with assistance offered by a state preparer. The initial phase of this protocol involves the utilization of quantum teleportation (QT), enabling the transfer of quantum information from an arbitrary number of senders to another arbitrary number of receivers through a maximally entangled GHZ-type state serving as a network channel, without centralizing the information at any specific location. In the second stage of this protocol, the state preparer performs a special single-qubit projective measurement and multiple Z-basis measurements and then communicates a number of classical bits corresponding to measurement results, the perfect copy or orthogonal-complementing copy of an unknown shared state can be produced at senders hands. Then, using a non-maximally entangled GHZ-type state instead of the aforementioned quantum channel, we extend the proposed protocol from three perspectives: projective measurement, positive operator-value measurement (POVM), and a single generalized Bell-state measurement. Our schemes can relay quantum information over a network without requiring fully trusted central or intermediate nodes, and none of participants can fully access the information.