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中国科学通报：英文版

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detection system and demonstration in quantum key distribution

Chen, SiJing, Liu ., DengKuan, You You, LiXing, Wang, Yongliang, Qiu, LongQing, Xie Xie, Xiaoming, Jiang, MianHeng, TengYun, Yang, Miki, Shigehito

Published Jan 1, 2013• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

我们开发了超导的 nanowire 单个光子的察觉(SNSPD ) 系统基于为量通讯应用程序的 Gifford-McMahon cryocooler。可以影响系统表演的环境因素强烈地被学习。那些因素包括温度变化，周围的磁场和背景放射。由优化偏爱电路，到电的噪音和骚乱的 SNSPD 系统的稳定性有效地被提高，因此为领域申请使它更合适。有以为 =1550 nm 的 10 Hz 的黑暗计数率的比 4% 高的量效率的 A 4 隧道 SNSPD 系统集成于量钥匙分布(QKD ) 、适用实验。QKD 成功地在有 1.6 kbps 和量的最后的安全的关键率的光纤维咬了的 100 km 上被执行不到 2% 的错误率。

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我们开发了超导的 nanowire 单个光子的察觉(SNSPD ) 系统基于为量通讯应用程序的 Gifford-McMahon cryocooler。可以影响系统表演的环境因素强烈地被学习。那些因素包括温度变化，周围的磁场和背景放射。由优化偏爱电路，到电的噪音和骚乱的 SNSPD 系统的稳定性有效地被提高，因此为领域申请使它更合适。有以为 =1550 nm 的 10 Hz 的黑暗计数率的比 4% 高的量效率的 A 4 隧道 SNSPD 系统集成于量钥匙分布(QKD ) 、适用实验。QKD 成功地在有 1.6 kbps 和量的最后的安全的关键率的光纤维咬了的 100 km 上被执行不到 2% 的错误率。
We developed a superconducting nanowire single-photon detection (SNSPD) system based on Gifford-McMahon cryocooler for quantum communication applications. Environmental factors which may influence the system performance are intensively studied. Those factors include temperature fluctuations, the ambient magnetic field and the background radiation. By optimizing the bias circuit, the stability of SNSPD system to electrical noise and disturbance was effectively enhanced, thus making it more suitable for field application. A 4-channel SNSPD system with quantum efficiency higher than 4% at the dark count rate of 10 Hz for λ=1550 nm is integrated and applied into a quantum key distribution (QKD) experiment. QKD was successfully carried out over 100 km optical fiber with the final secure key rate of 1.6 kbps and the quantum bit error rate of less than 2%.
Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs or SSPD) are highly promising devices in the growing field of quantum information and communications technology. We have developed a practical SSPD system with our superconducting thin films and devices fabrication, optical coupling packaging, and cryogenic technology. The SSPD system consists of six-channel SSPD devices and a compact Gifford-McMahon (GM) cryocooler, and can operate continuously on 100 V ac power without the need for any cryogens. The SSPD devices were fabricated from high-quality niobium nitride (NbN) ultrathin films that were epitaxially grown on single-crystal MgO substrates. The packaged SSPD devices were temperature stabilized to 2.96 K ± 10 mK. The system detection efficiency for an SSPD device with an area of 20 × 20 ¿m2was found to be 2.6% and 4.5% at wavelengths of 1550 and 1310 nm, respectively, at a dark count rate of 100 Hz, and a jitter of 100 ps full-width at half maximum. We also performed ultrafast BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD) field testing and entanglement-based QKD experiments using these SSPD devices.
We have developed a practical superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) system with our superconducting thin films and devices fabrication, optical coupling packaging, and cryogenic technology. The SNSPD devices were fabricated from high-quality niobium nitride (NbN) ultra-thin films that were epitaxially grown on single-crystal MgO substrates, and optical cavity structure were applied for improvement of photo absorption efficiency. The SNSPD system was developed based on a compact Gifford-McMahon (GM) cryocooler, in which SNSPD can operate continuously at temperature of 2.9 K +/- 10 mK with low power consumption without any liquid cryogens. The system detection efficiencies at 1550 nm wavelength (at a 100 Hz dark count rate) were found to be 2.6% for device without optical cavity and 21% for device with optical cavity. The response speed of devices showed maximally 200 MHz with 5 × 5 mm square device, and timing jitter of 100 ps full width at a half maximum (FWHM) was observed.