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Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print)

Controlled Secure Direct Communication Protocol via the Three-qubit Partially Entangled Set of States

Gang Xu, Ke Xiao, Zongpeng Li, Xin-Xin Niu and Michael Ryan

Published Jan 1, 2019• 40 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we first re-examine the previous protocol of controlled quantum secure direct communication of Zhang et al.’s scheme, which was found insecure under two kinds of attacks, fake entangled particles attack and disentanglement attack. Then, by changing the party of the preparation of cluster states and using unitary operations, we present an improved protocol which can avoid these two kinds of attacks. Moreover, the protocol is proposed using the three-qubit partially entangled set of states. It is more efficient by only using three particles rather than four or even more to transmit one bit secret information. Given our using state is much easier to prepare for multiqubit states and our protocol needs less measurement resource, it makes this protocol more convenient from an applied point of view.

DOI
10.32604/cmc.2019.04400

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In this paper, we first re-examine the previous protocol of controlled quantum secure direct communication of Zhang et al.’s scheme, which was found insecure under two kinds of attacks, fake entangled particles attack and disentanglement attack. Then, by changing the party of the preparation of cluster states and using unitary operations, we present an improved protocol which can avoid these two kinds of attacks. Moreover, the protocol is proposed using the three-qubit partially entangled set of states. It is more efficient by only using three particles rather than four or even more to transmit one bit secret information. Given our using state is much easier to prepare for multiqubit states and our protocol needs less measurement resource, it makes this protocol more convenient from an applied point of view.
We present a new quantum secure direct communication protocol with three-particle entangled state. The communication parties utilize decoy photons to check eavesdropping. The sender encodes the secret message with unitary transformation, we can directly transmit secret message with Bell-basis measurement and Z-basis measurement. The protocol is efficient in that all entangled states are used to transmit the secret message and two bits message can be transmitted one time, the preparation of three-particle entangled state is realized technique, the protocol is feasible to operate. The protocol is also verified to be secure for a noise quantum channel.
A new three-party quantum secure direct communication protocol with authentication is proposed. The advantage of the scheme is that through authentication one can confirm the sender's legitimate identity, partially entangled states used as information carrier are easy to prepare and store, there is no need to transmit quantum states with secret message in quantum channel and two users can simultaneously communicate with the third party. In ideal channel, the protocol is secure against incoherent attack.
In this paper, a three-party controlled quantum secure direct communication and authentication (QSDCA) protocol is proposed by using four particle cluster states via a quantum one-time pad and local unitary operations. In the present scheme, only under the permission of the controller, the sender and the receiver can implement secure direct communication successfully. But under any circumstances, Charlie cannot obtain the secret message. Eavesdropping detection and identity authentication are achieved with the help of the previously shared reusable base identity strings of users. This protocol is unconditionally secure in both ideal and practical noisy cases. In one transmission, a qubit of each four particle cluster state is used as controller’s permission and the same qubit with another qubit are used to recover two classical bits of information. In the proposed scheme, the efficiency is improved compared with the previous works.
This paper proposes a new three-party quantum secure direct communication protocol with authentication. The scheme uses three-particle partially entangled states and CNOT gate to encode and decode. Two users can simultaneously transmit secret message to the third party,and partially entangled states shared can be used repeatedly. In ideal channel,the protocol is secure against incoherent attack. The advantage of the scheme is that through authentication,one can confirm the client's legitimate identity,partially entangled states are easy to prepare and store in practice,and two users can simultaneously communicate with the third party.
A controlled quantum secure direct communication protocol based on four-qubit cluster states and quantum search algorithm is put forward, in which four users, a sender, a receiver and two controllers, are involved in achieving the secure transmission of secret message. The four-qubit cluster state can ensure the feasibility and security of the protocol because of its large persistency of entanglement. Meanwhile, the idea of quantum search algorithm is used to accomplish the task of encoding and decoding secret message. The proposed protocol can successfully avoid the information leakage problem and resist some common attacks including the outsider attacks and the internal attacks, and its qubit efficiency is up to 20%. Furthermore, compared with the previous quantum secure direct communication protocols, it can effectively resist the attacks from the dishonest receiver.
In this paper, we point out Partially Entangled States quantum dialogue, which enables both legitimate parties to exchange their 2 bit secret messages in a direct way. Two step security check guarantees the security of this protocol. Partially Entangled States used as information carrier are easy to prepare and store, there is no need to transmit quantum states with secret message in quantum channel and two users can simultaneously communicate with the third party. The protocol is secure against the intercept-resend attack and the entangle-measure attack.