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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Deterministic Generation of Multipartite-Entangled Microwave Photonic States

Jean-Claude Besse, Kevin Reuer, Michele C. Collodo, Arne Wulff, Lucien Wernli, Adrian Copetudo, Daniel Malz, Paul Magnard, Abdulkadir Akın, Mihai S. Gabureac, Graham J. Norris, J. I. Cirac, Andreas J. Wallraff, Christopher Eichler

Published Mar 18, 2021• 0 citations
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Entangled continuous variable (CV) Gaussian states with different wavelengths plays a central role in recent CV-based approaches to quantum network, quantum information processing and quantum metrology. Typically, experiments demonstrating CV entanglement exploit the optical parametric frequency down conversion. Due to the probabilistic nature of photon pair generation, the entanglement involving the post-selection of photonic qubits is limited to at most three colors. Here We theoretically present a scheme for the deterministic generation of entanglement among bright multicolor CV Gaussian states from an optomechanical system using existing experimental technologies. In our scheme an optical frequency comb is input into an optomechanical resonator and then the amplified optomechanical coupling makes multipartite entanglement among them. Our scheme overcomes the limitation of usable frequency of entangled CVs in frequency conversion process. It can be extended to generate multipartite entanglement between orthogonal modes with a single frequency or between microwave and optical CVs, or even among a microwave frequency comb. This optomechanical device can be integrated on a chip.
Sources of entangled electromagnetic radiation are a cornerstone in quantum information processing and offer unique opportunities for the study of quantum many-body physics in a controlled experimental setting. Generation of multi-mode entangled states of radiation with a large entanglement length, that is neither probabilistic nor restricted to generate specific types of states, remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate the fully deterministic generation of purely photonic entangled states such as the cluster, GHZ, and W state by sequentially emitting microwave photons from a controlled auxiliary system into a waveguide. We tomographically reconstruct the entire quantum many-body state for up to N = 4 photonic modes and infer the quantum state for even larger N from process tomography. We estimate that localizable entanglement persists over a distance of approximately ten photonic qubits.
An integrated photonic approach for complex quantum state generation through dynamical Casimir effect (DCE) is demonstrated. This approach provides a scheme to realize multipartite high-dimensional entangled states in the microwave (MW) and terahertz (THz) regimes, through the modulation in a MW-resonator coupled to an optical microresonator supporting temporal optical solitons. The states at the MW-resonator evolve from the ground state, realizing real-photons from the virtual photons at the ground state. The periodic modulation of the MW-resonator through a Kerr-induced refractive index change in the optical microresonator, along with the localized spatial distribution of the dissipative Kerr solitons (DKSs), enables photon-pair generation and inter-mode coupling at the MW-resonator. This allows generating highly persistent multipartite high-dimensional entangled states in a wide range of spectrum. The proposed approach paves the way for a hybrid integrated platform for generation of multipartite entangled qudits (high-dimensional qubits) at the MW and THz regimes using highly coherent ultra-short optical pulses in a monolithic integrated platform. This architecture can act as an entangled state source, as a necessary resource for exploiting a wide range of quantum protocols from fault-tolerant computing to enhanced sensing and teleportation.