Design of the Quantum Encoder and Decoder Using QCA

Lü Hongjun, Guangjun Xie

Nutan Das, Chandra Sekhar Dash

Bikash Debnath, Jadav Chandra Das, Debashis De

Abstract Security of information is an important issue during the transmission of information. The device that performs the encoding and decoding process is called the encoder and decoder, respectively. The major issues to develop such devices are circuit complexity and power dissipation at the nanoscale level. This can be fixed by utilising the features of reversible logic with Quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) device as a promising archetype for an alternative to the traditional transistor‐based device. QCA has high protection against side‐channel attacks, especially from power analysis attacks. All those features of QCA influence the researchers to explore several QCA‐based cryptographic models of nanocommunication for secure data transmission. Here, the existing QCA‐based circuits for cryptographic architecture are explored and compared concerning their circuit complexity, device area, and operating speeds. The working principles of each of those existing architectures have been demonstrated in detail. Besides, the embedding of reversible logic in QCA cryptographic architecture is also explored. The architectures are compared in terms of the logic used in the design. Finally, the major key issues are identified and addressed in the context of cryptographic models for future secure data transmission processes.

Jin Zheng, Qing Gao, Yi Du +2 more

Arpita Kundu, Jadav Chandra Das, Bikash Debnath +2 more

Using cryptography correctly is crucial in the current situation to safeguard data and ensure data security during data transfer. In this digital era, messages must be appropriately encrypted and decoded to prevent data misuse and ensure its accessibility to the intended recipient. Conventional cryptography techniques mostly depend on the mathematical intricacy of the encoding functions and the shared key. One such encoding approach that we may take into consideration is the Vigenere cipher algorithm. In this study, we want to apply this strategy utilizing reversible logic with the assistance of two helpful tools, namely, IBM Quantum (IBMQ) and QCADesigner. The encoder and decoder circuits for the Vigenere cipher are therefore proposed in this work in QCADesigner by utilizing Peres and DG gates in quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) that consist of a single layer with 42 cells for encryption and 47 cells for decryption. The proposed circuit outperforms the existing ones concerning area, cell count and latency. Given that the layouts’ energy consumption is assessed, it is guaranteed that the QCA nanodevice might serve as a stand-in platform for the creation of reversible circuits. The same simulation outcome was also obtained while building the identical circuits in a quantum presentation using IBMQ. The two applications are closely connected and both rely on quantum concepts. The outcomes are therefore verified for each of the two situations. The reversible Vigenere cipher technique enhances data security. Further sophisticated low-power nanoscale lossless nanocommunication architecture may be created with the help of the suggested circuits.

Cesarino Bertini, Roberto Leporini, Sergio Moriani