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中国科学通报：英文版

Dual-lens beam compression for optical coupling in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors

Labao, Zhang, Chao, Wan , Min Min, Gu, Ruiying, Xu, Sen Sen, Lin -, Kang, Jian JIAN, Chen, Peiheng, Wu

Published Jan 1, 2015• 9 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

超导的 nanowire 的光联合单个光子的察觉者(SNSPD ) 总是为一个有限察觉区域被限制了为单个模式的纤维。在这研究，为提高光子联合，在 2.2K 操作的一个双透镜的系统被用来根据 Gaussian 横梁理论和几何近似压缩横梁尺寸。约 0.3 的放大被获得，并且有近似 10m 的直径的一个集中的点从 multimode 纤维被测量。帮助了压缩横梁， 55% 的系统效率(1550nm ) 与 10m 的一个察觉区域为 SNSPD 被完成

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Dual-lens beam compression for optical coupling in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors

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The optical coupling of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) has always been restricted to a single-mode fiber for a limited detec- tion area. In this study, for enhancing photon coupling, a dual-lens system operating at 2.2 K was used to compress the beam size on the basis of the Gaussian beam theory and geometric approximation. A magnification of approxi- mately 0.3 was obtained, and a focused spot with diameter of approximately 10 lm was measured from a multimode fiber. Assisted with the compressed beam, a system effi- ciency of 55 % (1550 nm) was achieved for a SNSPD with a detection area of 10 lm 9 10 lm and 62.5 lm multi- mode fiber coupling. At the same time, a high speed of 106 MHz was measured with the proposed system. The realization of a highly compressed optical beam reduced the optical coupling requirement and helped maintain a high speed for the SNSPD.

•Jan 1, 2015•0 citations

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In order to investigate the characteristics of the package and fiber coupling of a Superconducting Nanowire Single-photon Detector(SNSPD),the SNSPD was successfully built up in our laboratory.Experiments show that the quantum efficiencies of the detector under different light wavelengths are 6%@1310nm and 3%@1550nm when the dark count rate is 100 Hz.Then,as the distance(gap) between SNSPD and optical fiber would be changed due to the thermal stress during cooling,and would cause a misalignment,two kinds of fiber coupling methods to modulate the gap at room temperature were proposed.Finally,by altering the wavelength of the input light,the exact values of the gap at different temperatures were measured and then the influence of temperature on the gap were figured out by an experiment.The experimental results indicate that decreases of the gap for the two packages are 4.1 μm and 17 μm when the temperature dereases 270 K.Based on the analysis of package material and structure,the gaps at both room and low temperature were calculated theoretically.The result fits well with that of the experiments and it may offer some references to the design of new package and fiber coupling in the future.

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Superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) are the detectors of choice in quantum optics applications due to their leading performances. To exploit their performances, great care must be devoted to efficiently couple light from a single-mode fiber to their small area, ~10 μm in size, at cryogenic temperature (~3K). In addition, to further improve the SNSPDs functionality, implementing the photon number resolving capability, arrays of spatially multiplexed SNSPDs, must be realized. We will discuss our results obtained for these two approaches.

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超导的 nanowire 的光联合单个光子的察觉者(SNSPD ) 总是为一个有限察觉区域被限制了为单个模式的纤维。在这研究，为提高光子联合，在 2.2K 操作的一个双透镜的系统被用来根据 Gaussian 横梁理论和几何近似压缩横梁尺寸。约 0.3 的放大被获得，并且有近似 10m 的直径的一个集中的点从 multimode 纤维被测量。帮助了压缩横梁， 55% 的系统效率(1550nm ) 与 10m 的一个察觉区域为 SNSPD 被完成
The optical coupling of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) has always been restricted to a single-mode fiber for a limited detec- tion area. In this study, for enhancing photon coupling, a dual-lens system operating at 2.2 K was used to compress the beam size on the basis of the Gaussian beam theory and geometric approximation. A magnification of approxi- mately 0.3 was obtained, and a focused spot with diameter of approximately 10 lm was measured from a multimode fiber. Assisted with the compressed beam, a system effi- ciency of 55 % (1550 nm) was achieved for a SNSPD with a detection area of 10 lm 9 10 lm and 62.5 lm multi- mode fiber coupling. At the same time, a high speed of 106 MHz was measured with the proposed system. The realization of a highly compressed optical beam reduced the optical coupling requirement and helped maintain a high speed for the SNSPD.
In order to investigate the characteristics of the package and fiber coupling of a Superconducting Nanowire Single-photon Detector(SNSPD),the SNSPD was successfully built up in our laboratory.Experiments show that the quantum efficiencies of the detector under different light wavelengths are 6%@1310nm and 3%@1550nm when the dark count rate is 100 Hz.Then,as the distance(gap) between SNSPD and optical fiber would be changed due to the thermal stress during cooling,and would cause a misalignment,two kinds of fiber coupling methods to modulate the gap at room temperature were proposed.Finally,by altering the wavelength of the input light,the exact values of the gap at different temperatures were measured and then the influence of temperature on the gap were figured out by an experiment.The experimental results indicate that decreases of the gap for the two packages are 4.1 μm and 17 μm when the temperature dereases 270 K.Based on the analysis of package material and structure,the gaps at both room and low temperature were calculated theoretically.The result fits well with that of the experiments and it may offer some references to the design of new package and fiber coupling in the future.
Superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) are the detectors of choice in quantum optics applications due to their leading performances. To exploit their performances, great care must be devoted to efficiently couple light from a single-mode fiber to their small area, ~10 μm in size, at cryogenic temperature (~3K). In addition, to further improve the SNSPDs functionality, implementing the photon number resolving capability, arrays of spatially multiplexed SNSPDs, must be realized. We will discuss our results obtained for these two approaches.