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中国科学通报：英文版

Dual-lens beam compression for optical coupling in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors

Labao Zhang, Chao Wan, Min Gu, Ruiying Xu, Sen Zhang, Lin Kang, Jian Chen, Peiheng Wu

Published Aug 1, 2015• 37 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11434-015-0860-6

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The optical coupling of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) has always been restricted to a single-mode fiber for a limited detec- tion area. In this study, for enhancing photon coupling, a dual-lens system operating at 2.2 K was used to compress the beam size on the basis of the Gaussian beam theory and geometric approximation. A magnification of approxi- mately 0.3 was obtained, and a focused spot with diameter of approximately 10 lm was measured from a multimode fiber. Assisted with the compressed beam, a system effi- ciency of 55 % (1550 nm) was achieved for a SNSPD with a detection area of 10 lm 9 10 lm and 62.5 lm multi- mode fiber coupling. At the same time, a high speed of 106 MHz was measured with the proposed system. The realization of a highly compressed optical beam reduced the optical coupling requirement and helped maintain a high speed for the SNSPD.
超导的 nanowire 的光联合单个光子的察觉者(SNSPD ) 总是为一个有限察觉区域被限制了为单个模式的纤维。在这研究，为提高光子联合，在 2.2K 操作的一个双透镜的系统被用来根据 Gaussian 横梁理论和几何近似压缩横梁尺寸。约 0.3 的放大被获得，并且有近似 10m 的直径的一个集中的点从 multimode 纤维被测量。帮助了压缩横梁， 55% 的系统效率(1550nm ) 与 10m 的一个察觉区域为 SNSPD 被完成
The efficiency is one of the most important parameter of single photon detector (SPD). The ideal SPD is expected to have 100% efficiency without false counts (always called dark counts). Improving the efficiency and reducing dark counts are interesting work for both scientific research and practical applications. Superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) was intensively developed for its merit of low dark count, less than 1 count per second. However, its efficiency was limited by the optical absorption of superconductor nanowire. In this work, we analyzed the optical absorption of superconductor nanowire of SNSPD in theory. Then, we designed a SNSPD considering film growth and microfabrication process by optimizing the device structure, including the filling factor, films thickness, substrate index and cavity. With the SNSPD, a high absorption of 97% was calculated by FDTD method and a detector efficiency of 90% was achieved in experiments assisted by beam compressing settings.