Covariant Schrodinger Equation via Path Integrals

Atsushi Inoue

Ewan M. Wright

Kazuo Takatsuka

Karel V. Kuchař

We define phase space path integrals for systems moving on a Riemannian manifold and subject to a generalized potential by a skeletonization procedure which is manifestly covariant under point transformations. We achieve this goal by introducing a natural analog S(x″,t″‖x′,p′,t′) of the Hamilton principal function with phase space initial data. One class of such functions is based on the parallel transport of momentum, a second class is obtained by a modification of the first class, and a third class is based on the geodesic deviation transport of momentum. The third class of principal functions is geometrically privileged. We skeletonize the canonical action integral by replacing it by a manifestly covariant chain of phase space principal functions. Different functions lead to the same functional as we infinitely refine the skeletonization along a smooth path. Our phase space path integral is always taken with the natural Liouville measure, but the integration over momentum variables brings down a nontrivial measure to the remaining configuration space path integral. Because nondifferentiable rather than smooth paths dominate the path integral, different phase space principal functions generate different configuration space path measures. Such measures lead to quantum propagators which satisfy Schrödinger’s equations with all possible scalar curvature terms ∼ℏ2R. The geometrically privileged phase space principal function (based on the geodesic deviation transport) leads to the Schrödinger equation without any curvature term.

Shelomo Izhaq Ben-Abraham, A. Lonke

Invariance implies that the momentum operator should be represented by the covariant derivative. For a general dynamical system, both covariant canonical and path integral quantization yield in the Schrödinger equation a correction term proportional to the curvature. Earlier erroneous calculations are hereby corrected and reconciled.