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中国科学通报：英文版

One-way quantum identity authentication based on public key

Zhang, XingLan

Published Jan 1, 2009• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

基于公钥，证实的量身份(QIA ) 没有量纠纷，系统被建议。公钥充当一个用户的认证钥匙。跟随古典公钥基础结构(PKI ) 的想法，认证(CA ) 的一个信任中心被包含。用户随机选择公钥， CA 根据他的公钥为用户产生一把私人钥匙。当执行 QIA 是必要的时，用户送用它 CA 的私人关键和一条消息编码的单个光子的一个序列。根据 CA 带的相应秘密钥匙， CA 在单个光子顺序上动单一的手术。最后，接收装置能判定用户是否是一位演员。

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One-way quantum identity authentication based on public key

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基于公钥，证实的量身份(QIA ) 没有量纠纷，系统被建议。公钥充当一个用户的认证钥匙。跟随古典公钥基础结构(PKI ) 的想法，认证(CA ) 的一个信任中心被包含。用户随机选择公钥， CA 根据他的公钥为用户产生一把私人钥匙。当执行 QIA 是必要的时，用户送用它 CA 的私人关键和一条消息编码的单个光子的一个序列。根据 CA 带的相应秘密钥匙， CA 在单个光子顺序上动单一的手术。最后，接收装置能判定用户是否是一位演员。
Abstract Quantum key distribution (QKD) can provide information theoretically secure key exchange even in the era of quantum computers. However, QKD requires the classical channel to be authenticated, the current method for which is pre-sharing symmetric keys. For a QKD network of n users, this method requires Cn2=n(n−1)/2{C}_{n}^{2}=n(n-1)/2Cn2​=n(n−1)/2 C n 2 = n ( n − 1 ) / 2 pairs of symmetric keys to realize pairwise interconnection. In contrast, with the help of a mature public key infrastructure (PKI) and post-quantum cryptography (PQC) with quantum-resistant security, each user only needs to apply for one digital certificate from a certificate authority (CA) to achieve efficient and secure authentication for QKD. We need to assume only the short-term security of the PQC algorithm to achieve long-term security of the distributed keys. Here, we experimentally verified the feasibility, efficiency, and stability of the PQC algorithm in QKD authentication, and demonstrated the advantages when new users join the QKD network. Using the PQC public-key infrastructure, the nodes need to mutually trust only the CA to authenticate each other. QKD combined with PQC authentication will greatly promote and extend the application prospects of quantum-safe communication.
As is known, quantum key distribution (QKD) can provide information-theoretic security under some preconditions, one of which is that the identity of each participant has been authenticated. And quantum identity authentication (QIA) can achieve this precondition effectively. However, the adversary still can implement man-in-the-middle attacks on QKD protocols in some situations, such as the protocol in [Quant. Inf. Process, 18, 137 (2019)]. In the above paper, the authors claimed that, after their QIA protocol based on GV95 system (GV95-QIA protocol), the participants could perform GV95-QKD protocol to update and extend the authentication keys. However, this method is not secure in the sense that the adversary could wait for the participants to complete GV95-QIA protocol and then perform the man-in-the-middle attack on the QKD process. In this paper, we solve this problem by mixing GV95-QIA process and GV95-QKD process randomly. Specifically, two authenticated QKD protocols are proposed based on the above idea. The proposed protocols can be used to provide secure identity authentication to GV95-QKD protocol, and also can be used to extend the authentication keys for GV95-QIA protocol.