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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

High-fidelity electron–nuclear spin entangling gates in NV centers via hybrid dynamical decoupling sequences

Wenzheng Dong, F. A. Calderon-Vargas, Sophia E. Economou

Published Mar 16, 2021• 0 citations
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Precise high-fidelity electron–nuclear spin entangling gates in NV centers via hybrid dynamical decoupling sequences

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Abstract Color centers in solids, such as the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond, offer well-protected and well-controlled localized electron spins that can be employed in various quantum technologies. Moreover, the long coherence time of the surrounding spinful nuclei can enable a robust quantum register controlled through the color center. We design pulse sequence protocols that drive the electron spin to generate robust entangling gates with these nuclear memory qubits. We find that compared to using Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) alone, Uhrig decoupling sequence and hybrid protocols composed of CPMG and Uhrig sequences improve these entangling gates in terms of fidelity, spin control range, and spin selectivity. We provide analytical expressions for the sequence protocols and also show numerically the efficacy of our method on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. Our results are broadly applicable to color centers weakly coupled to a small number of nuclear spin qubits.

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Current typical methods to realize nuclear-nuclear quantum gates require a sequence of electron-nuclear quantum gates by using dynamical decoupling techniques, which are implemented at low temperature because of the short decoherence and relaxation time of the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) spin at room temperature. This limitation could be overcome by using periodic resets of an NV spin as a mediator of the interaction between two nuclear spins [Q. Chen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 010801 (2017)]. However, this method works under stringent coupling strength conditions, which makes it not applicable to heteronuclear quantum gate operations. Here we develop this scheme by using radio-frequency fields to control different nuclear-spin species. Periodic resets of the NV center protect the nuclear spins from decoherence and relaxation of the NV spin. Radio-frequency control provides the probability to have highly selective and high-fidelity quantum gates between heteronuclear spins and detecting nuclear spins by using a nuclear-spin sensor under ambient conditions.

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Understanding coherence of Nitrogen nuclear spin in NV centers

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Bulletin of the American Physical Society•Jun 6, 2017•0 citations
Abstract Color centers in solids, such as the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond, offer well-protected and well-controlled localized electron spins that can be employed in various quantum technologies. Moreover, the long coherence time of the surrounding spinful nuclei can enable a robust quantum register controlled through the color center. We design pulse sequence protocols that drive the electron spin to generate robust entangling gates with these nuclear memory qubits. We find that compared to using Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) alone, Uhrig decoupling sequence and hybrid protocols composed of CPMG and Uhrig sequences improve these entangling gates in terms of fidelity, spin control range, and spin selectivity. We provide analytical expressions for the sequence protocols and also show numerically the efficacy of our method on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. Our results are broadly applicable to color centers weakly coupled to a small number of nuclear spin qubits.
Color centers in diamond provide a possible hardware for quantum computation, where the most basic quantum information processing unit are nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, each in contact with adjacent carbon nuclear spins. With specifically tailored dynamical decoupling sequences, it is possible to execute selective, high-fidelity two-body gates between the electron spin of the NV center and a targeted nuclear spin. In this work, we present a method to determine the optimal execution time that balances the trade-off between fidelity and execution speed for gates generated by adaptive XY sequences. With these optimized gates, we use the nuclear spin environment as a code space for quantum error correction within a color center register.
Current typical methods to realize nuclear-nuclear quantum gates require a sequence of electron-nuclear quantum gates by using dynamical decoupling techniques, which are implemented at low temperature because of the short decoherence and relaxation time of the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) spin at room temperature. This limitation could be overcome by using periodic resets of an NV spin as a mediator of the interaction between two nuclear spins [Q. Chen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 010801 (2017)]. However, this method works under stringent coupling strength conditions, which makes it not applicable to heteronuclear quantum gate operations. Here we develop this scheme by using radio-frequency fields to control different nuclear-spin species. Periodic resets of the NV center protect the nuclear spins from decoherence and relaxation of the NV spin. Radio-frequency control provides the probability to have highly selective and high-fidelity quantum gates between heteronuclear spins and detecting nuclear spins by using a nuclear-spin sensor under ambient conditions.