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Chinese Physics Letters

Distillation of Atmospherically Disturbed Continuous Variable Quantum Entanglement with Photon Subtraction

Shengli, Zhang, Jiansheng, Guo, Jianhong, Shi, Xubo, Zou

Published Jan 1, 2016• 0 citations
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Entanglement distillation is a probabilistic quantum operation which tries to repair entanglement after environment-induced decoherence. All known distillations of continuous variable entanglement always assume that the entanglement is distributed via a standard attenuating channel with fixed photon loss rate, which is fairly idealized without many realistic effects taken into account. Here we investigate the problem of distillation of entanglement transmitted via atmospheric channel, with transmittance being highly probabilistic and unfixed. Two typical distillation schemes, i.e., single-sided photon subtraction and bi-sided photon subtraction, are investigated.
Photon subtraction (PS) is a widely used technique in the distillation of noise-damped continuous-variable Gaussian entangled states. In the literature, all distillation schemes with the PS technique are restricted to pure Gaussian entanglement or amplitude-damped entanglement, and it is not clear whether PS is applicable in overcoming the phase noise or even more general noise. In this paper, we show that the PS technique is versatile and can still be used to distill entanglement that is subject to phase noise and simultaneous phase and amplitude noise.
Quantum teleportation (QT) over satellite-based free-space optical (FSO) channels is a promising approach for long-distance quantum communication. However, its performance is significantly degraded by atmospheric loss and turbulence. In this paper, we investigate continuous-variable (CV) QT in a dual-downlink scenario, where a satellite distributes entangled states to two ground stations. To mitigate channel-induced degradation, we employ a non-Gaussian entanglement distillation protocol based on the sequential application of photon addition and photon subtraction (PA-PS) on the weaker channel. The results show that the proposed scheme improves teleportation fidelity by up to 7.7% and enhances entanglement negativity by approximately 105% in the low-to-moderate (below 600 km) loss regime. In addition, we identify an optimal squeezing parameter that balances entanglement strength and noise sensitivity. Taken together, these results demonstrate the effectiveness of PA-PS distillation for improving CV quantum communication in realistic satellite networks. We further characterize the trade-off between fidelity gain and the heralded success probability of the protocol.