Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Distillation of phase-damped continuous-variable entanglement with photon subtraction

ShengLi Zhang, Jianhong Shi, Chenhui Jin, Xu‐Bo Zou, Bao‐Sen Shi, Guang‐Can Guo

Published Jun 21, 2013• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Photon subtraction (PS) is a widely used technique in the distillation of noise-damped continuous-variable Gaussian entangled states. In the literature, all distillation schemes with the PS technique are restricted to pure Gaussian entanglement or amplitude-damped entanglement, and it is not clear whether PS is applicable in overcoming the phase noise or even more general noise. In this paper, we show that the PS technique is versatile and can still be used to distill entanglement that is subject to phase noise and simultaneous phase and amplitude noise.

DOI
10.1364/josab.30.001922

Related papers

Continuous-variable-entanglement distillation with photon addition

ShengLi Zhang, YuLi Dong, Xu‐Bo Zou +2 more

Photon subtraction (PS), due to its feasibility in physical implementation, has been widely utilized in Gaussian entanglement distillation. However, in this paper, we will show that photon addition (PA) can be employed to provide an additional enhancement in both the quality of distilled entanglement and the success probability if the input state is a weak two-mode squeezed vacuum state. Moreover, compared with biside PS, the distillation probability gains a $O(\frac{1}{{\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{2}})$ improvement, which increases rapidly when $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\ll}1$. Our PA-based scheme is obtained first by single-photon injection and later by vacuum state projection. The performance of PA in the presence of both an approximated single photon and amplitude-damping noise has been analyzed. Our result sheds more light on the indispensable non-Gaussian ingredients in Gaussian-state distillation and could be of great use in developing more efficient distillation schemes. Finally, the sensitivity of the PA scheme to inefficient photon detection has also been investigated.

Physical Review A•Sep 27, 2013•38 citations

Multipartite continuous-variable entanglement distillation using local squeezing and only one photon-subtraction operation

Yang, Song, Xu‐Bo Zou, ShengLi Zhang +3 more

In this paper, we study entanglement distillation of multipartite continuous-variable Gaussian entangled states. Following Opatrný \emph{et al.}'s photon subtraction (PS) scheme, the probability of successful distillation decreases exponentially with the number of parties $N$. However, here, we shall propose an entanglement distillation scheme whose success probability scales as a constant with $N$. Our protocol employs several local squeezers, but it requires only a single PS operation. Using the logarithmic negativity as a measure of entanglement, we find that both the success probability and the distilled entanglement can be improved at the same time. Moreover, an $N$-mode transfer theorem (transferring states from phase space to Hilbert space) is presented.

arXiv:1106.1536•Jun 8, 2011•2 citations

$O(\sqrt\eta)$ efficiency entanglement distillation with one-time photon subtraction over near-zero transmittance bosonic channel

ShengLi Zhang

Entanglement distillation is an efficient method to retrieve high-quality entanglement from a large number of noise-damped entanglement states. Many investigations on continuous variable entanglement distillation have focused on low-loss or medium-loss channels. Herein, we primarily study entanglement distillation in extremely lossy (total channel transmittance η ≪ 1 ) or even near-zero transmittance ( η ≈ 0 ) channels. In particular, we analyze the manner in which entanglement and success probability decrease as η → 0 . The performances of conventional biside photon subtraction and one-time photon subtraction on two optical modes separated by L km are investigated. The motivation for our study includes the recent advancements in twin-field quantum key distribution, wherein single-photon detection is sufficient to provide a useful private key. In the same vein, we propose an entanglement distillation scheme with an efficiency of O ( η ) using one-time photon subtraction and weak coherent state injection. Thus, our proposed scheme provides a method for distilling extremely damped entanglement states for continuous variable quantum information processing.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Dec 12, 2019•1 citation

Local squeezing-assisted two-copy and single-copy continuous variable entanglement distillation

ShengLi Zhang, Chenhui Jin, Jiansheng Guo +4 more

Entanglement distillation is a physically feasible operation which helps to partially or completely eliminate noise-induced decoherence in the distribution of entangled states. In this paper, we investigate the two-copy and single-copy distillation of an amplitude-damped continuous variable two-mode squeezed vacuum state. We consider local squeezing as one of the important tools [Phys. Rev. A84, 062309 (2011)] to enhance distillation. Our result is twofold. First, we show that local squeezing is useful to improve the distillation of two-copy interference-based distillation. Second, we show single-copy photon subtraction-based distillation is more efficient in providing more entangled outputs. However, such an advantage would diminish and two-copy distillation could succeed with much higher probability of success for a fixed amount of distilled entanglement.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Mar 13, 2014•0 citations

Distillation of mixed-state continuous-variable entanglement by photon subtraction

Sheng Li Zhang, Peter van Loock

We present a detailed theoretical analysis for the distillation of one copy of a mixed two-mode continuous-variable entangled state using beam splitters and coherent photon-detection techniques, including conventional on-off detectors and photon-number-resolving detectors. The initial Gaussian mixed-entangled states are generated by transmitting a two-mode squeezed state through a lossy bosonic channel, corresponding to the primary source of errors in current approaches to optical quantum communication. We provide explicit formulas to calculate the entanglement in terms of logarithmic negativity before and after distillation, including losses in the channel and the photon detection, and show that one-copy distillation is still possible even for losses near the typical fiber channel attenuation length. A lower bound for the transmission coefficient of the photon-subtraction beam splitter is derived, representing the minimal value that still allows to enhance the entanglement.

arXiv:1009.4888•Physical Review A•Dec 14, 2010•86 citations

Distillation of Atmospherically Disturbed Continuous Variable Quantum Entanglement with Photon Subtraction

ShengLi Zhang, Jiansheng Guo, Jianhong Shi +1 more

Entanglement distillation is a probabilistic quantum operation which tries to repair entanglement after environment-induced decoherence. All known distillations of continuous variable entanglement always assume that the entanglement is distributed via a standard attenuating channel with fixed photon loss rate, which is fairly idealized without many realistic effects taken into account. Here we investigate the problem of distillation of entanglement transmitted via atmospheric channel, with transmittance being highly probabilistic and unfixed. Two typical distillation schemes, i.e., single-sided photon subtraction and bi-sided photon subtraction, are investigated.

Chinese Physics Letters•Jul 1, 2016•3 citations
Photon subtraction (PS) is a widely used technique in the distillation of noise-damped continuous-variable Gaussian entangled states. In the literature, all distillation schemes with the PS technique are restricted to pure Gaussian entanglement or amplitude-damped entanglement, and it is not clear whether PS is applicable in overcoming the phase noise or even more general noise. In this paper, we show that the PS technique is versatile and can still be used to distill entanglement that is subject to phase noise and simultaneous phase and amplitude noise.
Photon subtraction (PS), due to its feasibility in physical implementation, has been widely utilized in Gaussian entanglement distillation. However, in this paper, we will show that photon addition (PA) can be employed to provide an additional enhancement in both the quality of distilled entanglement and the success probability if the input state is a weak two-mode squeezed vacuum state. Moreover, compared with biside PS, the distillation probability gains a $O(\frac{1}{{\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{2}})$ improvement, which increases rapidly when $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\ll}1$. Our PA-based scheme is obtained first by single-photon injection and later by vacuum state projection. The performance of PA in the presence of both an approximated single photon and amplitude-damping noise has been analyzed. Our result sheds more light on the indispensable non-Gaussian ingredients in Gaussian-state distillation and could be of great use in developing more efficient distillation schemes. Finally, the sensitivity of the PA scheme to inefficient photon detection has also been investigated.
In this paper, we study entanglement distillation of multipartite continuous-variable Gaussian entangled states. Following Opatrný \emph{et al.}'s photon subtraction (PS) scheme, the probability of successful distillation decreases exponentially with the number of parties NNN. However, here, we shall propose an entanglement distillation scheme whose success probability scales as a constant with NNN. Our protocol employs several local squeezers, but it requires only a single PS operation. Using the logarithmic negativity as a measure of entanglement, we find that both the success probability and the distilled entanglement can be improved at the same time. Moreover, an NNN-mode transfer theorem (transferring states from phase space to Hilbert space) is presented.
O(η)O(\sqrt\eta)O(η​) efficiency entanglement distillation with one-time photon subtraction over near-zero transmittance bosonic channel
Entanglement distillation is an efficient method to retrieve high-quality entanglement from a large number of noise-damped entanglement states. Many investigations on continuous variable entanglement distillation have focused on low-loss or medium-loss channels. Herein, we primarily study entanglement distillation in extremely lossy (total channel transmittance η ≪ 1 ) or even near-zero transmittance ( η ≈ 0 ) channels. In particular, we analyze the manner in which entanglement and success probability decrease as η → 0 . The performances of conventional biside photon subtraction and one-time photon subtraction on two optical modes separated by L km are investigated. The motivation for our study includes the recent advancements in twin-field quantum key distribution, wherein single-photon detection is sufficient to provide a useful private key. In the same vein, we propose an entanglement distillation scheme with an efficiency of O ( η ) using one-time photon subtraction and weak coherent state injection. Thus, our proposed scheme provides a method for distilling extremely damped entanglement states for continuous variable quantum information processing.
Entanglement distillation is a physically feasible operation which helps to partially or completely eliminate noise-induced decoherence in the distribution of entangled states. In this paper, we investigate the two-copy and single-copy distillation of an amplitude-damped continuous variable two-mode squeezed vacuum state. We consider local squeezing as one of the important tools [Phys. Rev. A84, 062309 (2011)] to enhance distillation. Our result is twofold. First, we show that local squeezing is useful to improve the distillation of two-copy interference-based distillation. Second, we show single-copy photon subtraction-based distillation is more efficient in providing more entangled outputs. However, such an advantage would diminish and two-copy distillation could succeed with much higher probability of success for a fixed amount of distilled entanglement.
We present a detailed theoretical analysis for the distillation of one copy of a mixed two-mode continuous-variable entangled state using beam splitters and coherent photon-detection techniques, including conventional on-off detectors and photon-number-resolving detectors. The initial Gaussian mixed-entangled states are generated by transmitting a two-mode squeezed state through a lossy bosonic channel, corresponding to the primary source of errors in current approaches to optical quantum communication. We provide explicit formulas to calculate the entanglement in terms of logarithmic negativity before and after distillation, including losses in the channel and the photon detection, and show that one-copy distillation is still possible even for losses near the typical fiber channel attenuation length. A lower bound for the transmission coefficient of the photon-subtraction beam splitter is derived, representing the minimal value that still allows to enhance the entanglement.
Entanglement distillation is a probabilistic quantum operation which tries to repair entanglement after environment-induced decoherence. All known distillations of continuous variable entanglement always assume that the entanglement is distributed via a standard attenuating channel with fixed photon loss rate, which is fairly idealized without many realistic effects taken into account. Here we investigate the problem of distillation of entanglement transmitted via atmospheric channel, with transmittance being highly probabilistic and unfixed. Two typical distillation schemes, i.e., single-sided photon subtraction and bi-sided photon subtraction, are investigated.