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Vacuum

Development of an ultra-high vacuum system for a cold atom physics rack in space

Qian Liu, Y. Xie, Lin Li, Jingfeng Xiang, Wenli Wang, Qiuzhi Qu, Su Fang, Bin Wang, Desheng Lü, Liang Liu

Published Mar 13, 2021• 12 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.vacuum.2021.110192

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Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2024•1 citation
In the development of the Cold Atom Physics Research Rack (CAPR) on board the Chinese Space Station, the laser system plays a critical role in preparing the all-optical 87Rb Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs). An all-fiber laser system has been developed for CAPR to provide the required optical fields for atom interaction and to maintain the beam pointing in long-term operation. The laser system integrates a 780 nm fiber laser system and an all-fiber optical control module for sub-Doppler cooling, as well as an all-fiber 1064 nm laser system for evaporative cooling. The high-power, single-frequency 780 nm lasers are achieved through rare-Earth doped fiber amplification, fiber frequency-doubling, and frequency stabilization technology. The all-fiber optical control module divides the output of the 780 nm laser system into 15 channels and regulates them for cooling, trapping, and probing atoms. Moreover, the power consistency of each pair of cooling beams is ensured by three power tracking modules, which is a prerequisite for maintaining stable MOT and molasses. A high-power, compact, controlled-flexible, and highly stable l064 nm all-fiber laser system employing two-stage ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier (YDFA) technology has been designed for evaporative cooling in the optical dipole trap (ODT). Finally, an all-optical 87Rb BEC is realized with this all-fiber laser system, which provides an alternative solution for trapping and manipulating ultra-cold atoms in challenging environmental conditions.
The redefinition of the International System of Units (SI) promotes the transformation of the vacuum measurement system toward quantization, and the quantization of vacuum parameters is one of the most leading, prospective and subversive research directions in the field of international vacuum metrology, and the quantum vacuum measurement is based on the quantum effect of the microscopic particle system, and the use of optical means and the theory of quantum mechanics to realize the precision measurement of the vacuum parameters. We develop a lithium-cooled atom vacuum measurement apparatus, which mainly consists of a 7Li atom trap system and a continuous expansion vacuum system. In this work, an experimental study of ultrahigh vacuum measurement is carried out by manipulating 7Li atoms and utilizing the loss characteristics of lithium cold atoms in magneto-optical and magnetic traps, and the results show that for the four commonly used gas molecules in vacuum, namely N2, Ar, He, and H2, in the vacuum range of (3×10–8–4×10–5) Pa, the maximum measurement uncertainty is 7.6%–6.0% (k = 2) based on 7Li cold atoms, and the cold atom vacuum measurement results are in good agreement with those of the traditional ionization vacuum gauges, and their relative sensitivities are in good agreement with those of the ionization vacuum gauges, and the maximal deviation of the relative sensitivity factor is less than 8%, which verifies the accuracy and reliability of the cold-atom quantum vacuum measurements. The research results are of great significance in promoting the development of new cross-generation vacuum measurement technology and meeting the needs of space science exploration, ultra-precision measurement and high-end equipment manufacturing.