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Advances in information quality and management

Sense and Boundaries of Computer Simulations

Georgios Ouilson Papadopoulos, Apostolos Syropoulos

Published Aug 11, 2020• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Computers are widely used in physics and other natural sciences to simulate physical phenomena. Thus, people routinely use computers to model many and different physical systems. In addition, computers have been used to solve difficult problems by simulating successful practices employed by living organism. However, it seems not everything can be simulated, that is, there are phenomena that are characterized as non-computable. Most of them can be simulated by quantum computers but for some even these computers are not adequate. The authors examine why this happens, how it can be solved, and whether the “ultimate” goal of simulating the whole universe is feasible.

DOI
10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch012

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Computers are widely used in physics and other natural sciences to simulate physical phenomena. Thus, people routinely use computers to model many and different physical systems. In addition, computers have been used to solve difficult problems by simulating successful practices employed by living organism. However, it seems not everything can be simulated, that is, there are phenomena that are characterized as non-computable. Most of them can be simulated by quantum computers but for some even these computers are not adequate. The authors examine why this happens, how it can be solved, and whether the “ultimate” goal of simulating the whole universe is feasible.
Since its inception at the beginning of the twentieth century, quantum mechanics has challenged our conceptions of how the universe ought to work; however, the equations of quantum mechanics can be too computationally difficult to solve using existing computers for even modestly large systems. Here I will show that quantum computers can sometimes be used to address such problems and that quantum computer science can assign formal complexities to learning facts about nature. Hence, computer science should not only be regarded as an applied science; it is also of central importance to the foundations of science.
The endeavour to control increasingly larger systems of particles at the quantum level is a natural goal, and will be a driving force for the physical sciences in the coming decades. The control of a many-body system at the highest level possible can indeed be regarded as the ultimate form of engineering. Within this general research avenue, building quantum simulators and performing experimental quantum simulations will play a key role. A quantum simulator is a promising candidate to become the first application of quantum information science reaching beyond classical limitations [ 1 ], since the requirements on the number of quantum particles and fidelities of operations are predicted to be substantially relaxed compared to that envisioned for a universal quantum computer. This issue forms an extensive open-access resource spanning the various areas of experimental quantum simulation, from its relation to quantum information processing to its potential use for different applications.
This chapter describes the possibility of simulating physics in the classical approximation, a thing which is usually described by local differential equations. But the physical world is quantum mechanical, and therefore the proper problem is the simulation of quantum physics. A computer which will give the same probabilities as the quantum system does. The present theory of physics allows space to go down into infinitesimal distances, wavelengths to get infinitely great, terms to be summed in infinite order, and so forth; and therefore, if this proposition is right, physical law is wrong. Quantum theory and quantizing is a very specific type of theory. The chapter talks about the possibility that there is to be an exact simulation, that the computer will do exactly the same as nature. There are interesting philosophical questions about reasoning, and relationship, observation, and measurement and so on, which computers have stimulated people to think about anew, with new types of thinking.
The spectacular successes of quantum physics have made it a commonplace to assert that we live in a quantum world. This idea seems to imply a kind of "quantum fundamentalism" according to which everything in the universe (if not the universe as a whole) is fundamentally of a quantum nature and ultimately describable in quantum-mechanical terms. Bohr's conception of quantum mechanics has traditionally been seen as opposed to such a view, not least because of his insistence on the necessity of the concepts of classical physics in the account of quantum phenomena. Recently, however, a consensus seems to be emerging among careful commentators on Bohr to the effect that he, after all, did subscribe to some version of quantum fundamentalism. Against this consensus, and by re-examining the historical record, I will defend a variant of the traditional reading of Bohr in which (1) the answer to what an object is (quantum or classical) depends on the experimental context; and (2) in principle, any physical system can be treated quantum-mechanically but not all systems can be treated that way at the same time.
The development of quantum technology has profoundly influenced research on consciousness. By analyzing the interaction of various microscopic particles in the universe, the article proposed that all things exhibit interconnected non-locality in both time and space, and that the interrelated connections of everything in the universe are based on quantum entanglement. Through analysis of the cellular and nervous system functions of organisms, as well as the influence of quantum science theories on consciousness and combined with research results in related fields, this paper presents the following viewpoints: first, life bodies exhibit quantum entanglement phenomena. Second, biological electricity phenomena are closely tied to consciousness. Third, both life bodies and non-life bodies are conscious, but different entities exhibit varying degrees of strong and weak consciousness. The strong and weak thinking consciousness influences the fluctuation of quantum and the size of quantum entanglement degree. Quantum fluctuations affect the consciousness of both life bodies and non-life bodies, and the entanglement quantum influences the degree of inductance between each other. Finally, the combination of quantum entanglement technology and thinking consciousness can realize the interconnection between human beings and the universe. Consciousness may affect the results measured in quantum mechanics when people observe. However, the macroscopic world mainly adopts the laws of classical physics to solve problems in life. Under certain conditions, the law of quantum physics and the law of classical physics can affect people’s lives together. No matter what angle we view the material world, it is real, and the universe is not illusory.