Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Optical and Quantum Sensing and Precision Metrology

Studies of polarization dependent magnetic resonances in rubidium vapor for light ellipticity measurement and vector magnetometry applications

G. S. Pati, Raghwinder Singh Grewal, Renu Tripathi

Published Mar 4, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report our investigations on the dependence of magnetic resonance spectrum on the light ellipticity and the polarization angle. A rubidium vapor cell with octade-cyltrichlorosilane (OTS) antirelaxation coating has been used in our experiment to produce narrow linewidth magnetic resonances. We show that excitation using elliptically polarized light can simultaneously produce the alignment and orientation resonances in a Bell-Bloom interaction geometry. We have developed a theoretical model to calculate the resonance spectrum using light with a varying degree of ellipticity. Amplitudes of the alignment and orientation resonances show a strong dependence on the light ellipticity. Our study shows that the duty cycle of light modulation can effectively control the amplitude variations of the alignment and orientation resonances with light ellipticity. We propose that the difference between the alignment and orientation resonance amplitudes can be used for in situ measurement of the light

DOI
10.1117/12.2582434

Related papers

Light-ellipticity and polarization-angle dependence of magnetic resonances in rubidium vapor using amplitude-modulated light: Theoretical and experimental investigations

Raghwinder Singh Grewal, G. S. Pati, Renu Tripathi

We report on experimental and theoretical investigations of the polarization dependence of magnetic resonance generated by synchronous optical pumping. Magnetic resonances with narrow linewidth are generated experimentally using a rubidium vapor cell with octadecyltrichlorosilane antirelaxation coating on inner walls. We studied the effect of light ellipticity on the amplitudes and widths of magnetic resonances by matching the light modulation frequency with $2{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ (alignment) and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ (orientation) in a Bell-Bloom interaction geometry, where ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ corresponds to the Larmor frequency. Both $2{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ resonance amplitudes showed a strong dependence on the light ellipticity. In addition, we showed that the duty cycle of light modulation changes the slope of amplitude variations in $2{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ resonances with light ellipticity. As a potential application, we showed that the difference between $2{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ resonance amplitudes can be used for in situ measurement of light ellipticity. We also studied the dependence of $2{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ resonance amplitudes on the polarization angle of linearly polarized light. These amplitudes oscillate periodically with the polarization angle. We found this oscillatory behavior to be sensitive to the tilt in magnetic field direction from the polarization plane. Such a property could be used to realize a vector magnetometer. A density matrix based theoretical model is developed to simulate the magnetic resonance spectrum for different light polarizations. Our theoretical model accurately reproduces the above-mentioned experimental observations.

arXiv:2003.12897•Physical Review A•Sep 2, 2020•14 citations

In situ measurement of light polarization with ellipticity-induced nonlinear magneto-optical rotation

Derek F. Jackson Kimball, Jordan Dudley, Yan Li +1 more

A precise, accurate, and relatively straightforward in situ method to measure and control the ellipticity of light resonantly interacting with an atomic vapor is described. The technique can be used to minimize vector light shifts. The method involves measurement of ellipticity-induced resonances in the magnetic-field dependence of nonlinear magneto-optical rotation of frequency-modulated light. The light propagation direction is orthogonal to the applied magnetic field $\mathbf{B}$ and the major axis of the light polarization ellipse is along $\mathbf{B}$. When the light modulation frequency matches the Larmor frequency, elliptically polarized light produces a precessing atomic spin orientation transverse to $\mathbf{B}$ via synchronous optical pumping. The precessing spin orientation causes optical rotation oscillating at the Larmor frequency by modulating the atomic vapor's circular birefringence. Based on this technique's precision, in situ nature (which avoids systematic errors arising from optical interfaces) and independent control of the most important systematic errors, it is shown that the accuracy of light ellipticity measurements achievable with this technique can exceed that of existing methods by orders of magnitude.

arXiv:1706.08149•Physical Review A•Sep 12, 2017•14 citations

Magneto-optical spectroscopy with polarization-modulated light

Evelina Breschi, Z. D. Grujić, P. Knowles +1 more

We present a combined theoretical and experimental study of magnetic resonance transitions induced by polarization-modulated light in cesium vapor exposed to a transverse magnetic field. Signals are obtained by phase-sensitive analysis of the light power traversing the vapor cell at six harmonics of the polarization modulation frequency. Resonances appear whenever the Larmor frequency matches an integer multiple of the modulation frequency. We have further investigated the modifications of the spectra when varying the modulation duty cycle. The resonance amplitudes of both in-phase and quadrature components are well described in terms of the Fourier coefficients of the modulation function. The background-free signals generated by the polarization modulation scheme have a high application potential in atomic magnetometry.

arXiv:1312.1557•Physical Review A•Aug 16, 2013•13 citations

Double Hanle resonance dependence on light polarization angle and transverse magnetic field direction

Pooja Kumari, Shrey Mehta, Raghwinder Singh Grewal +1 more

Abstract We present experimental and theoretical investigations of the dependence of double Hanle resonance spectrum on the light polarization angle and the direction of the applied transverse magnetic field (TMF). The experiments are done for F g = 2 → F e = 1 transition of 87Rb D1 line using a rubidium vapor cell containing buffer gas. We show that a small light polarization component along the direction of TMF introduces asymmetry in the double Hanle resonance signal. Both the magnitude and sign of asymmetry in the signal are sensitive to the TMF orientation, suggesting a possible method for in-situ measurement of the direction of the magnetic fields generated by the coils. The physical origin of this asymmetry is explained by considering the redistribution of population among the ground-state Zeeman sublevels in the presence of TMF. In addition, we systematically vary both the polarization angle and TMF direction to study their effect on the line profile of Hanle resonances. We demonstrate that a double Hanle resonance changes to a dark Hanle resonance by rotating the light polarization vector irrespective of the TMF direction. We have developed a simple theoretical model based on a degenerate two-level system to explain our experimental observations.

Journal of Optics•Jun 13, 2024•0 citations

Resonant Voigt-effect spectrum of the rubidium D^2 transition

Kazuyuki Muroo, Takeshi Matsunobe, Yukio Shishido +2 more

We investigated the resonant magneto-optic spectra of the Rb D2 transition in the Voigt configuration (transverse magnetic field). To resolve the hyperfine structure of the Voigt-effect spectrum, we used a tunable single-mode GaAlAs diode laser as a light source. Elliptically polarized light with a small ellipticity was incident upon a Rb vapor cell placed in a magnetic field. The polarization change caused by magnetically induced optical anisotropy was detected by use of a birefringent prism placed behind the vapor cell. The Voigt-effect line profiles were measured for various degrees of light ellipticity and analyzer offset angle. The measured profiles were compared with the theoretical expression.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Mar 1, 1994•17 citations

Orientational effects on the amplitude and phase of polarimeter signals in double-resonance atomic magnetometry

Stuart J. Ingleby, Carolyn O’Dwyer, Paul F. Griffin +2 more

Double-resonance optically pumped magnetometry can be used to measure static magnetic fields with high sensitivity by detecting a resonant atomic spin response to a small oscillating field perturbation. Determination of the resonant frequency yields a scalar measurement of static field $({B}_{0})$ magnitude. We present calculations and experimental data showing that the on-resonance polarimeter signal of light transmitted through an atomic vapor in arbitrarily oriented ${B}_{0}$ may be modeled by considering the evolution of alignment terms in atomic polarization. We observe that the amplitude and phase of the magnetometer signal are highly dependent upon ${B}_{0}$ orientation and present precise measurements of the distribution of these parameters over the full $4\ensuremath{\pi}$ solid angle.

arXiv:1707.04418•Physical Review A•Jul 28, 2017•24 citations
We report our investigations on the dependence of magnetic resonance spectrum on the light ellipticity and the polarization angle. A rubidium vapor cell with octade-cyltrichlorosilane (OTS) antirelaxation coating has been used in our experiment to produce narrow linewidth magnetic resonances. We show that excitation using elliptically polarized light can simultaneously produce the alignment and orientation resonances in a Bell-Bloom interaction geometry. We have developed a theoretical model to calculate the resonance spectrum using light with a varying degree of ellipticity. Amplitudes of the alignment and orientation resonances show a strong dependence on the light ellipticity. Our study shows that the duty cycle of light modulation can effectively control the amplitude variations of the alignment and orientation resonances with light ellipticity. We propose that the difference between the alignment and orientation resonance amplitudes can be used for in situ measurement of the light
We report on experimental and theoretical investigations of the polarization dependence of magnetic resonance generated by synchronous optical pumping. Magnetic resonances with narrow linewidth are generated experimentally using a rubidium vapor cell with octadecyltrichlorosilane antirelaxation coating on inner walls. We studied the effect of light ellipticity on the amplitudes and widths of magnetic resonances by matching the light modulation frequency with $2{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ (alignment) and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ (orientation) in a Bell-Bloom interaction geometry, where ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ corresponds to the Larmor frequency. Both $2{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ resonance amplitudes showed a strong dependence on the light ellipticity. In addition, we showed that the duty cycle of light modulation changes the slope of amplitude variations in $2{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ resonances with light ellipticity. As a potential application, we showed that the difference between $2{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ resonance amplitudes can be used for in situ measurement of light ellipticity. We also studied the dependence of $2{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{L}$ resonance amplitudes on the polarization angle of linearly polarized light. These amplitudes oscillate periodically with the polarization angle. We found this oscillatory behavior to be sensitive to the tilt in magnetic field direction from the polarization plane. Such a property could be used to realize a vector magnetometer. A density matrix based theoretical model is developed to simulate the magnetic resonance spectrum for different light polarizations. Our theoretical model accurately reproduces the above-mentioned experimental observations.
A precise, accurate, and relatively straightforward in situ method to measure and control the ellipticity of light resonantly interacting with an atomic vapor is described. The technique can be used to minimize vector light shifts. The method involves measurement of ellipticity-induced resonances in the magnetic-field dependence of nonlinear magneto-optical rotation of frequency-modulated light. The light propagation direction is orthogonal to the applied magnetic field B\mathbf{B}B and the major axis of the light polarization ellipse is along B\mathbf{B}B. When the light modulation frequency matches the Larmor frequency, elliptically polarized light produces a precessing atomic spin orientation transverse to B\mathbf{B}B via synchronous optical pumping. The precessing spin orientation causes optical rotation oscillating at the Larmor frequency by modulating the atomic vapor's circular birefringence. Based on this technique's precision, in situ nature (which avoids systematic errors arising from optical interfaces) and independent control of the most important systematic errors, it is shown that the accuracy of light ellipticity measurements achievable with this technique can exceed that of existing methods by orders of magnitude.
We present a combined theoretical and experimental study of magnetic resonance transitions induced by polarization-modulated light in cesium vapor exposed to a transverse magnetic field. Signals are obtained by phase-sensitive analysis of the light power traversing the vapor cell at six harmonics of the polarization modulation frequency. Resonances appear whenever the Larmor frequency matches an integer multiple of the modulation frequency. We have further investigated the modifications of the spectra when varying the modulation duty cycle. The resonance amplitudes of both in-phase and quadrature components are well described in terms of the Fourier coefficients of the modulation function. The background-free signals generated by the polarization modulation scheme have a high application potential in atomic magnetometry.
Abstract We present experimental and theoretical investigations of the dependence of double Hanle resonance spectrum on the light polarization angle and the direction of the applied transverse magnetic field (TMF). The experiments are done for F g = 2 → F e = 1 transition of 87Rb D1 line using a rubidium vapor cell containing buffer gas. We show that a small light polarization component along the direction of TMF introduces asymmetry in the double Hanle resonance signal. Both the magnitude and sign of asymmetry in the signal are sensitive to the TMF orientation, suggesting a possible method for in-situ measurement of the direction of the magnetic fields generated by the coils. The physical origin of this asymmetry is explained by considering the redistribution of population among the ground-state Zeeman sublevels in the presence of TMF. In addition, we systematically vary both the polarization angle and TMF direction to study their effect on the line profile of Hanle resonances. We demonstrate that a double Hanle resonance changes to a dark Hanle resonance by rotating the light polarization vector irrespective of the TMF direction. We have developed a simple theoretical model based on a degenerate two-level system to explain our experimental observations.
We investigated the resonant magneto-optic spectra of the Rb D2 transition in the Voigt configuration (transverse magnetic field). To resolve the hyperfine structure of the Voigt-effect spectrum, we used a tunable single-mode GaAlAs diode laser as a light source. Elliptically polarized light with a small ellipticity was incident upon a Rb vapor cell placed in a magnetic field. The polarization change caused by magnetically induced optical anisotropy was detected by use of a birefringent prism placed behind the vapor cell. The Voigt-effect line profiles were measured for various degrees of light ellipticity and analyzer offset angle. The measured profiles were compared with the theoretical expression.
Double-resonance optically pumped magnetometry can be used to measure static magnetic fields with high sensitivity by detecting a resonant atomic spin response to a small oscillating field perturbation. Determination of the resonant frequency yields a scalar measurement of static field (B0)({B}_{0})(B0​) magnitude. We present calculations and experimental data showing that the on-resonance polarimeter signal of light transmitted through an atomic vapor in arbitrarily oriented B0{B}_{0}B0​ may be modeled by considering the evolution of alignment terms in atomic polarization. We observe that the amplitude and phase of the magnetometer signal are highly dependent upon B0{B}_{0}B0​ orientation and present precise measurements of the distribution of these parameters over the full $4\ensuremath{\pi}$ solid angle.