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Optical and Quantum Sensing and Precision Metrology

Polarization hole burning and self-rotation in acetylene filled photonic crystal fibers at 1525-1530 nm

Nayeli Casillas, Serguei I. Stepanov, Manuel Ocegueda, Eliseo Hernández

Published Mar 4, 2021• 0 citations
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Abstract

We present experimental results on polarization ellipse self-rotation (PSR) and polarization hole burning (PHB) in the acetylene-filled hole-core photonic crystal fiber for the P5, P7, and P9 vibrational-rotational Doppler broadened (~500MHz) lines at the gas pressures 0.4-4Torr and W-scale power. The experimental values of PHB and PSR effects are in good agreement between them and with predictions of the developed semi-classic model for the acetylene molecules as the saturable rotating dipoles (gyrators) with random orientations. The maximum experimental PSR value normalized to the gas initial absorbance proved to be significantly lower than that observed in alkali-metal vapors earlier..

DOI
10.1117/12.2586975

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Polarization hole burning and self-rotation of the polarization ellipse in an acetylene-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

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We report on the first experimental observation of the polarization ellipse self-rotation (PSR) and the polarization hole burning (PHB) nonlinear optical effects for the acetylene ( C 2 H 2 ) vibrational–rotational transitions in the 1520–1530 nm spectral range. The experiments were performed using a 1-m-long acetylene-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber cell at room temperature and gas pressure of 0.4–4 Torr. The PHB effect was experimentally observed as a photo-induced input polarization ellipticity change in the output light. Among all the investigated acetylene transitions P9, P7, P5, and P3, the maximum ellipticity change of ∼ 35 % was observed at zero detuning from the center of the P5 absorption line with the initial optical absorbance about 6. The obtained results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions of a classical analysis based on the model of the acetylene molecules as gyrators (circular oscillators) with random orientations. For the inhomogeneously broadened acetylene absorption P5 line ( ∼ 500 M H z ), the PSR effect observed for tuning at the sides of the P5 line, as expected, proved to be by factor Δ ω i h / Δ ω h (inhomogeneous-to-homogeneous broadening ratio) lower than the maximum PHB. The PSR constant for these conditions proved to be about 0.1 m − 1 , which is about 2 orders of magnitude lower than that reported earlier for the alkali metal (K, Rb) vapors.

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Polarization hole burning and polarization self-rotation in acetylene-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

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Experimental results on the transient optical nutation effect inside an acetylene-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) are reported. The experiments used 15 ns optical pulses with peak powers up to 5 W. The light wavelength was centered at 1530.37 nm, which corresponds to the P9 acetylene (12C2H2) vibrational-rotational absorption line. The gas pressure inside the PCF, with hollow core diameter of ∼10.3 μm, was kept around 0.12 Torr. Comparison of the experimental data with numerical simulations using the Maxwell-Bloch equations allowed us to evaluate the characteristic longitudinal and transverse relaxation times around 10 ns, as well as the transition dipole moment (1.36 × 10−32 Cm).

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Manuel Ocegueda, E. Hernandez, Serguei I. Stepanov +2 more

Experimental observations of nonstationary coherent optical phenomena, i.e., optical nutation, free induction, and photon echo, in the acetylene (${}^{12}$C${}_{2}$H${}_{2}$) filled hollow-core photonic-crystal fiber (PCF) are reported. The presented results were obtained for the acetylene vibration-rotational transition $P$9 at wavelength 1530.37 nm at room temperature under a gas pressure of 0.5 Torr. An all-fiber pumped-through cell based on the commercial 2.6-m-long PCF with a 10-\ensuremath{\mu}m hollow-core diameter was used. The characteristic relaxation time ${T}_{2}$ during which the optical coherent effects were typically observed in our experiments was estimated to be \ensuremath{\approx}8 ns. This time is governed by the limited time of the acetylene molecules' presence inside the effective PCF modal area and by intermolecule collisions. An accelerated attenuation of the optical nutation oscillations is explained by a random orientation of acetylene molecules.

Physical Review A•Jun 5, 2014•13 citations
We present experimental results on polarization ellipse self-rotation (PSR) and polarization hole burning (PHB) in the acetylene-filled hole-core photonic crystal fiber for the P5, P7, and P9 vibrational-rotational Doppler broadened (~500MHz) lines at the gas pressures 0.4-4Torr and W-scale power. The experimental values of PHB and PSR effects are in good agreement between them and with predictions of the developed semi-classic model for the acetylene molecules as the saturable rotating dipoles (gyrators) with random orientations. The maximum experimental PSR value normalized to the gas initial absorbance proved to be significantly lower than that observed in alkali-metal vapors earlier..
We report on the first experimental observation of the polarization ellipse self-rotation (PSR) and the polarization hole burning (PHB) nonlinear optical effects for the acetylene ( C 2 H 2 ) vibrational–rotational transitions in the 1520–1530 nm spectral range. The experiments were performed using a 1-m-long acetylene-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber cell at room temperature and gas pressure of 0.4–4 Torr. The PHB effect was experimentally observed as a photo-induced input polarization ellipticity change in the output light. Among all the investigated acetylene transitions P9, P7, P5, and P3, the maximum ellipticity change of ∼ 35 % was observed at zero detuning from the center of the P5 absorption line with the initial optical absorbance about 6. The obtained results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions of a classical analysis based on the model of the acetylene molecules as gyrators (circular oscillators) with random orientations. For the inhomogeneously broadened acetylene absorption P5 line ( ∼ 500 M H z ), the PSR effect observed for tuning at the sides of the P5 line, as expected, proved to be by factor Δ ω i h / Δ ω h (inhomogeneous-to-homogeneous broadening ratio) lower than the maximum PHB. The PSR constant for these conditions proved to be about 0.1 m − 1 , which is about 2 orders of magnitude lower than that reported earlier for the alkali metal (K, Rb) vapors.
Analysis of influence of the Maxwell distribution of the transverse thermal velocities and of the flight-time-determined characteristic relaxation rates (i.e. the inverse relaxation times T1,2) of the acetylene (C2H2) molecules in the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber on nonlinear optical effects are presented. The theoretical predictions are compared with the experimental data obtained in the ~0.4Torr acetylene-filled fiber cell at the wavelength 1530.37nm of the most effective P9 vibrational-rotational transition of 12C2H2. At room temperature and the fiber mode field diameter of 7.5 μm, the average transverse thermal velocity of ~390m/s ensured relaxation times T1,2 ~8-10ns. These are in good agreement with the corresponding values experimentally measured using delayed optical nutation and two-photon echo techniques. The experimentally observed nonlinear effect of the polarization ellipse self-rotation proves to be at least two orders of magnitude less efficient comparing with that reported earlier for the alkali metals vapors.
We report detailed experimental results on the optical nutation effect in acetylene-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs). This coherent quantum optical effect is manifested by the appearance of attenuated oscillations in the profiles of transmitted step-like coherent optical pulses. The experiments used 15 ns optical pulses with peak powers up to ∼4 W and centered at 1530.37 nm, which corresponds to the acetylene (12C2H2) vibration-rotation resonance absorption line P9. The all-fiber cell made from a HC-PCF with internal diameter ∼10.3 μm contained a gas pressure of about 0.12 Torr. The Maxwell-Bloch equations are used to analyze the influence of the homogeneous relaxation, the inhomogeneous Doppler broadening of the absorption line, and the random orientation of the acetylene molecules. By comparing the experimental results with numerical simulations, we obtain the longitudinal and the transverse relaxation times to be close to 10 ns and find that the transition dipole moment of the acetylene P9 absorption line is ∼1.36×10−32 Cm.
Experimental results on the transient optical nutation effect inside an acetylene-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) are reported. The experiments used 15 ns optical pulses with peak powers up to 5 W. The light wavelength was centered at 1530.37 nm, which corresponds to the P9 acetylene (12C2H2) vibrational-rotational absorption line. The gas pressure inside the PCF, with hollow core diameter of ∼10.3 μm, was kept around 0.12 Torr. Comparison of the experimental data with numerical simulations using the Maxwell-Bloch equations allowed us to evaluate the characteristic longitudinal and transverse relaxation times around 10 ns, as well as the transition dipole moment (1.36 × 10−32 Cm).
Experimental observations of nonstationary coherent optical phenomena, i.e., optical nutation, free induction, and photon echo, in the acetylene (12{}^{12}12C2{}_{2}2​H2{}_{2}2​) filled hollow-core photonic-crystal fiber (PCF) are reported. The presented results were obtained for the acetylene vibration-rotational transition $P$9 at wavelength 1530.37 nm at room temperature under a gas pressure of 0.5 Torr. An all-fiber pumped-through cell based on the commercial 2.6-m-long PCF with a 10-\ensuremath{\mu}m hollow-core diameter was used. The characteristic relaxation time T2{T}_{2}T2​ during which the optical coherent effects were typically observed in our experiments was estimated to be \ensuremath{\approx}8 ns. This time is governed by the limited time of the acetylene molecules' presence inside the effective PCF modal area and by intermolecule collisions. An accelerated attenuation of the optical nutation oscillations is explained by a random orientation of acetylene molecules.