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Physical Review A

Nonstationary coherent optical effects caused by pulse propagation through acetylene-filled hollow-core photonic-crystal fibers

Manuel Ocegueda, E. Hernandez, Serguei I. Stepanov, Peter M. Agruzov, Alexander V. Shamray

Published Jun 5, 2014• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Experimental observations of nonstationary coherent optical phenomena, i.e., optical nutation, free induction, and photon echo, in the acetylene (${}^{12}$C${}_{2}$H${}_{2}$) filled hollow-core photonic-crystal fiber (PCF) are reported. The presented results were obtained for the acetylene vibration-rotational transition $P$9 at wavelength 1530.37 nm at room temperature under a gas pressure of 0.5 Torr. An all-fiber pumped-through cell based on the commercial 2.6-m-long PCF with a 10-\ensuremath{\mu}m hollow-core diameter was used. The characteristic relaxation time ${T}_{2}$ during which the optical coherent effects were typically observed in our experiments was estimated to be \ensuremath{\approx}8 ns. This time is governed by the limited time of the acetylene molecules' presence inside the effective PCF modal area and by intermolecule collisions. An accelerated attenuation of the optical nutation oscillations is explained by a random orientation of acetylene molecules.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.89.063403

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Experimental observations of nonstationary coherent optical phenomena, i.e., optical nutation, free induction, and photon echo, in the acetylene (12{}^{12}12C2{}_{2}2​H2{}_{2}2​) filled hollow-core photonic-crystal fiber (PCF) are reported. The presented results were obtained for the acetylene vibration-rotational transition PPP9 at wavelength 1530.37 nm at room temperature under a gas pressure of 0.5 Torr. An all-fiber pumped-through cell based on the commercial 2.6-m-long PCF with a 10-\ensuremath{\mu}m hollow-core diameter was used. The characteristic relaxation time T2{T}_{2}T2​ during which the optical coherent effects were typically observed in our experiments was estimated to be \ensuremath{\approx}8 ns. This time is governed by the limited time of the acetylene molecules' presence inside the effective PCF modal area and by intermolecule collisions. An accelerated attenuation of the optical nutation oscillations is explained by a random orientation of acetylene molecules.
We report detailed experimental results on the optical nutation effect in acetylene-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs). This coherent quantum optical effect is manifested by the appearance of attenuated oscillations in the profiles of transmitted step-like coherent optical pulses. The experiments used 15 ns optical pulses with peak powers up to ∼4 W and centered at 1530.37 nm, which corresponds to the acetylene (12C2H2) vibration-rotation resonance absorption line P9. The all-fiber cell made from a HC-PCF with internal diameter ∼10.3 μm contained a gas pressure of about 0.12 Torr. The Maxwell-Bloch equations are used to analyze the influence of the homogeneous relaxation, the inhomogeneous Doppler broadening of the absorption line, and the random orientation of the acetylene molecules. By comparing the experimental results with numerical simulations, we obtain the longitudinal and the transverse relaxation times to be close to 10 ns and find that the transition dipole moment of the acetylene P9 absorption line is ∼1.36×10−32 Cm.
Experimental results on the transient optical nutation effect inside an acetylene-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) are reported. The experiments used 15 ns optical pulses with peak powers up to 5 W. The light wavelength was centered at 1530.37 nm, which corresponds to the P9 acetylene (12C2H2) vibrational-rotational absorption line. The gas pressure inside the PCF, with hollow core diameter of ∼10.3 μm, was kept around 0.12 Torr. Comparison of the experimental data with numerical simulations using the Maxwell-Bloch equations allowed us to evaluate the characteristic longitudinal and transverse relaxation times around 10 ns, as well as the transition dipole moment (1.36 × 10−32 Cm).
The delayed optical nutation effect has been used to evaluate the longitudinal relaxation time (T1) inside an acetylene-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) at room temperature. In this experiment, sequences of two short optical pulses of 30 ns and 15 ns in width, respectively, with the maximum peak power up to ∼2.5 W, were generated at a laser wavelength of 1530.37 nm, which corresponds to the acetylene ro-vibrational P9 absorption line. The gas pressure inside the 1 m-long HC-PCF varied in the range 0.1–1 Torr. Numerical simulations based on the optical Bloch equations allowed us to evaluate the longitudinal relaxation time as T1∼9ns, proving to be fundamentally limited by the transit-time broadening. Also, the obtained results revealed the influence of slow and fast molecules in the form of a non-exponential decay of the delayed-nutation signals.
Low-pressure acetylene in the hollow-core photonic crystal structure fibers is an excellent medium for the room-temperature investigation of the coherent quantum effects in communication wavelength region. Pulsed excitation enables observation of new coherent phenomena like optical nutation or photon echo and evaluation of important temporal characteristics of the light-molecule interactions. We also report original experimental results on the pulsed excitation of the electromagnetically induced transparency in co- and counter-propagation configurations.
Analysis of influence of the Maxwell distribution of the transverse thermal velocities and of the flight-time-determined characteristic relaxation rates (i.e. the inverse relaxation times T1,2) of the acetylene (C2H2) molecules in the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber on nonlinear optical effects are presented. The theoretical predictions are compared with the experimental data obtained in the ~0.4Torr acetylene-filled fiber cell at the wavelength 1530.37nm of the most effective P9 vibrational-rotational transition of 12C2H2. At room temperature and the fiber mode field diameter of 7.5 μm, the average transverse thermal velocity of ~390m/s ensured relaxation times T1,2 ~8-10ns. These are in good agreement with the corresponding values experimentally measured using delayed optical nutation and two-photon echo techniques. The experimentally observed nonlinear effect of the polarization ellipse self-rotation proves to be at least two orders of magnitude less efficient comparing with that reported earlier for the alkali metals vapors.