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International Journal of Quantum Chemistry

Dynamics and stability of matter‐wave solitons in cigar‐shaped Bose–Einstein condensates dragged by Pöschl–Teller potential

Lucas Carvalho Pereira, Bruno Spolon Marangoni, Valdir Aragão do Nascimento

Published Feb 26, 2021• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract In this paper, we theoretically investigate the dynamics and stability of matter‐wave solitons (MWS) in a cigar‐shaped Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) consisting of atoms with attractive interatomic interactions trapped by Pöschl–Teller (PT) potential. In this scenario, we propose the idea of the BEC being dragged by PT potential at a constant speed. The BEC was modeled by the quasi‐one‐dimensional Gross–Piteaevskii Equation (1D‐GPE). In addition, an analytical (time‐dependent variational method) and numerical (split‐step Crank–Nicolson method) approach has been proposed to investigate the dynamic properties of solitons during the temporal evolution of this system. Both analytical and numerical results demonstrated that MWSs dragged by PT potential can be stable. From a general point of view, the results obtained in this paper can motivate both theoretical and experimental investigations on the dynamics and stability of solitons in dilute and ultracold unitary Bose gases trapped by PT potential, nonlinear optical properties in PT quantum wells, and propagation of solitons in nonlinear media.

DOI
10.1002/qua.26634

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Abstract In this paper, we theoretically investigate the dynamics and stability of matter‐wave solitons (MWS) in a cigar‐shaped Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) consisting of atoms with attractive interatomic interactions trapped by Pöschl–Teller (PT) potential. In this scenario, we propose the idea of the BEC being dragged by PT potential at a constant speed. The BEC was modeled by the quasi‐one‐dimensional Gross–Piteaevskii Equation (1D‐GPE). In addition, an analytical (time‐dependent variational method) and numerical (split‐step Crank–Nicolson method) approach has been proposed to investigate the dynamic properties of solitons during the temporal evolution of this system. Both analytical and numerical results demonstrated that MWSs dragged by PT potential can be stable. From a general point of view, the results obtained in this paper can motivate both theoretical and experimental investigations on the dynamics and stability of solitons in dilute and ultracold unitary Bose gases trapped by PT potential, nonlinear optical properties in PT quantum wells, and propagation of solitons in nonlinear media.
We present for the first time an approach about Bose-Einstein condensates made up of atoms with attractive interatomic interactions confined to the Pöschl-Teller hyperbolic potential. In this paper, we consider a Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a cigar-shaped, and it was modeled by the mean field equation known as the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. An analytical (variational method) and numerical (two-step Crank-Nicolson) approach is proposed to study the proposed model of interatomic interaction. The solutions of the one-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation obtained in this paper confirmed, from a theoretical point of view, the possibility of the Pöschl-Teller potential to confine Bose-Einstein condensates. The chemical potential as a function of the depth of the Pöschl-Teller potential showed a behavior very similar to the cases of Bose-Einstein condensates and superfluid Fermi gases in optical lattices and optical superlattices. The results presented in this paper can open the way for several applications in atomic and molecular physics, solid state physics, condensed matter physics, and material sciences.
We investigate dynamical effects of a bright soliton in Bose–Einstein condensed (BEC) systems with local and smooth space variations of the two-body atomic scattering length. It includes a discussion about the possible observation of a new type of standing nonlinear atomic matter wave in cigar-type traps. A rich dynamics is observed in the interaction between the soliton and an inhomogeneity. By considering an analytical time-dependent variational approach and also full numerical simulation of one-dimensional and three-dimensional Gross–Pitaevskii equations, we study processes such as trapping, reflection and transmission of the bright matter soliton due to the impurity. We also derive conditions for the collapse of the bright solitary wave, considering a quasi-one-dimensional BEC with attractive local inhomogeneity.
Abstract We analyze the formation and dynamics of W-shaped solitons in an inhomogeneous cigar-shaped Bose–Einstein condensate with repulsive interatomic interactions in the presence of spatially and temporally nonuniform nonlinearity and external potential. The condensate is assumed to have a large number of particles; hence it may be approximated by an effective one-dimensional equation, which is derived from the full three-dimensional Gross–Pitaevskii equation. New classes of W-shaped soliton solutions, which may propagate in the condensate system with the same hump value, are found for the first time by means of the similarity transformation technique. The functional form of these localized nonlinear structures is different from the usual ones reported in the setting of optical fibers. The dynamic behaviors of the W-shaped soliton pulses under different nonlinearity and external potential management that are of particular interest for applications in Bose–Einstein condensates are analyzed.
We discuss the possible observation of a new type of standing nonlinear atomic matter wave in the condensate: the nonlinear impurity mode. It is investigated dynamical effects of a bright soliton in Bose-Einstein-condensed (BEC) systems with local space variations of the two-body atomic scattering length. A rich dynamics is observed in the interaction between the soliton and an inhomogeneity. Processes as trapping, reflection and transmission of the bright matter soliton due to the impurity are studied considering an analytical time-dependent variational approach and also by full numerical simulation. A condition is obtained for the collapse of the bright solitary wave in the quasi-one-dimensional BEC with attractive local inhomogeneity.
An extended variation approach to describing the dynamic evolution of self-attractive Bose—Einstein condensates is developed. We consider bright matter-wave solitons in the presence of a parabolic magnetic potential and a time-space periodic optical lattice. The dynamics of condensates is shown to be well approximated by four coupled nonlinear differential equations. A noteworthy feature is that the extended variation approach gives a critical strength ratio to support multiple stable lattice sites for the condensate. We further examine the existence of the solitons and their stabilities at the multiple stable lattice sites. In this case, the analytical predictions of Bose—Einstein condensates variational dynamics are found to be in good agreement with numerical simulations. We then find a stable region for successful manipulating matter-wave solitons without collapse, which are dragged from an initial stationary to a prescribed position by a moving periodic optical lattice.
Summary form only given. Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) of weakly interacting gases allow for the new regime of nonlinear atom optics. Of special interest are macroscopically excited states like dark solitons or vortices. Solitons, as particle like excitations of matter wave fields, provide a link from condensate physics to fluid mechanics, nonlinear optics and fundamental particle physics. Dark solitons in matter waves are characterized by a local density minimum and, a steep phase gradient of the wavefunction at the position of the minimum. We report on experimental and theoretical investigation of dark solitons in BECs of /sup 87/Rb which are produced by the method of phase imprinting. A highly anisotropic confining potential allows us to be close to the (quasi) 1D situation where dark solitons are expected to be dynamically stable. By monitoring the evolution of the density profile we observe the evolution of density minima travelling at a smaller velocity than the speed of sound. By comparison to analytical and numerical solutions of the 3D Gross-Pitaevskii equation for our experimental conditions we identify these density minima to be moving dark solitons. We have studied in detail the creation and the dynamics of dark solitons as a function of evolution time and imprinted phase.