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arXiv:cond-mat/0210613

Dynamics of bright matter-wave solitons in inhomogeneous cigar-type Bose-Einstein condensate

F. Kh. Abdullaev, A. Gammal, Lauro Tomio

Published Oct 28, 2002• 3 citations
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Abstract

We discuss the possible observation of a new type of standing nonlinear atomic matter wave in the condensate: the nonlinear impurity mode. It is investigated dynamical effects of a bright soliton in Bose-Einstein-condensed (BEC) systems with local space variations of the two-body atomic scattering length. A rich dynamics is observed in the interaction between the soliton and an inhomogeneity. Processes as trapping, reflection and transmission of the bright matter soliton due to the impurity are studied considering an analytical time-dependent variational approach and also by full numerical simulation. A condition is obtained for the collapse of the bright solitary wave in the quasi-one-dimensional BEC with attractive local inhomogeneity.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0210613

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We discuss the possible observation of a new type of standing nonlinear atomic matter wave in the condensate: the nonlinear impurity mode. It is investigated dynamical effects of a bright soliton in Bose-Einstein-condensed (BEC) systems with local space variations of the two-body atomic scattering length. A rich dynamics is observed in the interaction between the soliton and an inhomogeneity. Processes as trapping, reflection and transmission of the bright matter soliton due to the impurity are studied considering an analytical time-dependent variational approach and also by full numerical simulation. A condition is obtained for the collapse of the bright solitary wave in the quasi-one-dimensional BEC with attractive local inhomogeneity.
We investigate dynamical effects of a bright soliton in Bose–Einstein condensed (BEC) systems with local and smooth space variations of the two-body atomic scattering length. It includes a discussion about the possible observation of a new type of standing nonlinear atomic matter wave in cigar-type traps. A rich dynamics is observed in the interaction between the soliton and an inhomogeneity. By considering an analytical time-dependent variational approach and also full numerical simulation of one-dimensional and three-dimensional Gross–Pitaevskii equations, we study processes such as trapping, reflection and transmission of the bright matter soliton due to the impurity. We also derive conditions for the collapse of the bright solitary wave, considering a quasi-one-dimensional BEC with attractive local inhomogeneity.
We report on investigations of the properties of bright solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates in the presence of point-like spatial inhomogeneities, in one and two dimensions. By considering an analytical variational approach and full numerical simulations, we describe such processes due to interactions between the soliton and the inhomogeneity as the trapping, reflection, and transmission of bright matter solitons. We also study the critical number of particles as a function of the magnitude of the impurity.
We investigate the properties of modulational instability in the Salerno equation in quasi-one dimension in Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). We analyzed the regions of modulational instability of nonlinear plane waves and determine the conditions of its existence in BEC. The existence and stability of strongly localized modes in discrete media is investigated with the framework of the Salerno model by using a linear analysis method. The regions of stability and instability are determined. Also the existence of localized modes for different values of parameters is shown numerically by homoclinic orbits intersection method. The response of Bose–Einstein condensates is studied with strong dipole–dipole atomic interactions to periodically varying perturbation. The dynamics is governed by the Gross–Pitaevskii equation with an additional nonlinear term, corresponding to nonlocal dipolar interactions. A mathematical model, based on the variational approximation, has been developed and applied to study parametric excitation of the condensates due to coefficient of nonlocal nonlinearity varying periodically. The model predicts the waveform of solitons in dipolar condensates and describes their small amplitude dynamics quite accurately. Theoretical predictions are verified by numerical simulations of the nonlocal Gross–Pitaevskii equation and a good agreement between them is found. The results can lead to better understanding of the properties of ultra-cold quantum gases, such as 52Cr, 164Dy and 168Er, where the long-range dipolar atomic interactions dominate the usual contact interactions. Dynamics of a matter wave soliton bouncing on the reflecting surface (atomic mirror) under the effect of gravity has been studied by analytical and numerical means. The iv analytical description is based on the variational approach. Resonant oscillations of the soliton's center of mass and width, induced by appropriate modulation of the atomic scattering length and the slope of the linear potential are analyzed. In numerical experiments, we observe the Fermi type acceleration of the soliton when the vertical position of the reflecting surface is periodically varied in time. Analytical predictions are compared with the results of numerical simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and a qualitative agreement between them is found.
Bright solitary-waves may be created in dilute Bose-Einstein condensates of at tractively interacting atoms in one dimensional regimes. In integrable systems, such solitary waves are particle-like objects called solitons. We investigate the consequences of non-integrability on the solitary waves in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates caused by an axial harmonic trap, and non-integrability caused by three dimensional effects. To analyse the soliton-like nature of the solitary-waves in an axial harmonic trap, a particle analogy for the solitary-waves is formulated. Exact Soliton solutions exist in the absence of an external trapping potential, which behave in a particle-like manner, and we find the particle analogy we employ to be a good model also when a harmonic trapping potential is present up to a gradual shift in the trajectories when the harmonic trap period is short compared with the, collision time of the solitons. We find that the collision time of the solions is dependent on the relative phase of the solitons as they collide. In the case of two solitons, the particle model is integrable, and the dynamics are completely regular. In the case of a system of two solitary waves of equal norm, the solitons are shown to retain their phase difference for repeated collisions. The extension to three particles supports both regular and chaotic regimes. The trajectory shift observed for two solitons carrier over to the case of three solitons. This shift aside, the agreement between the particle model and the wave dynamics remains good, even in chaotic regimes. We predict that these chaotic regimes will be an indicator of rapid depletion of the condensate due to quantum transitions of the condensate particles into non-condensate modes. To analyse the residual effects of the three dimensional nature of the solitary waves, we use a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with an additional quintic term. We perform variational calculations, and confirm the collapse of a soliton when the number of particles contained therein is increased past a critical number. We investigate the effects of varying the axial trap frequency and scattering length on the critical number. We propose a method to model particle exchange between solitons by extending the variational treatment to two solitons.
We analyze the dynamics of a bright soliton in Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) with time-dependent atomic scattering length in an expulsive parabolic potential. Under a safe range of parameters in which the Gross–Pitaevskii (GP) equation is effective in one dimension, our results show that, the dynamics of the bright soliton can be classed into two phases, depending on the value of the scattering length. Meanwhile, there exists a critical value of the absolute value of the atomic scattering length, below which, the dynamics of the bright soliton is very regular. Those phenomena can be useful for developing concrete applications of the nonlinear matter waves. We also obtain the orbital equation of the bright soliton and get some interesting data which may be useful for the experimental observation of the bright soliton and the application of the atom laser with manipulated intensity.
We investigate bright matter-wave solitons in the presence of a spatially varying nonlinearity. It is demonstrated that a translation mode is excited due to the spatial inhomogeneity and its frequency is derived analytically and also studied numerically. Both cases of purely one-dimensional and ``cigar-shaped'' condensates are studied by means of different mean-field models, and the oscillation frequencies of the pertinent solitons are found and compared with the results obtained by the linear stability analysis. Numerical results are shown to be in very good agreement with the corresponding analytical predictions.