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Optical and Quantum Sensing and Precision Metrology

Optomechanical quantum teleportation

Bas Hensen, Niccolò Fiaschi, Andreas Wallucks, Jie Li, Simon Gröblacher, Rodrigo Benevides, Thiago P. Mayer Alegre

Published Mar 4, 2021• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum teleportation, the faithful transfer of an unknown input state onto a remote quantum system, is a key component in long distance quantum communication protocols[1] and distributed quantum computing[2,3]. At the same time high frequency nano-optomechanical systems[4] hold great promise as a node in a future quantum network, operating on-chip at low-loss telecom wavelengths with long mechanical lifetimes. Recent demonstrations include entanglement between two resonators[5], a quantum memory[6] and microwave to optics transduction[7]. However, quantum teleportation of an optical input state onto a long-lived optomechanical memory is an outstanding challenge. Here we present our recent experimental progress towards the implementation of quantum teleportation of a polarization-encoded optical input state onto a pair of nanomechanical resonators. We will present recent results as well as main sources of error and possible improvements and future applications.

DOI
10.1117/12.2589740

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Quantum teleportation, the faithful transfer of an unknown input state onto a remote quantum system, is a key component in long distance quantum communication protocols[1] and distributed quantum computing[2,3]. At the same time high frequency nano-optomechanical systems[4] hold great promise as a node in a future quantum network, operating on-chip at low-loss telecom wavelengths with long mechanical lifetimes. Recent demonstrations include entanglement between two resonators[5], a quantum memory[6] and microwave to optics transduction[7]. However, quantum teleportation of an optical input state onto a long-lived optomechanical memory is an outstanding challenge. Here we present our recent experimental progress towards the implementation of quantum teleportation of a polarization-encoded optical input state onto a pair of nanomechanical resonators. We will present recent results as well as main sources of error and possible improvements and future applications.
Quantum teleportation [1] is a cornerstone of quantum information science due to its essential role in several important tasks such as the long-distance transmission of quantum information using quantum repeaters [2–4]. In this context, a challenge of paramount importance is the distribution of entanglement between remote nodes, and to use this entanglement as a resource for long-distance light-to-matter quantum teleportation. We report on the demonstration of quantum teleportation of the polarization state of a telecom-wavelength photon onto the state of a solid-state quantum memory. Entanglement is established between a rare-earth-ion doped crystal storing a single photon that is polarization-entangled with a flying telecom-wavelength photon [5, 6]. The latter is jointly measured, using highly efficient superconducting WSi nanowire single-photon detectors [7], with another flying qubit carrying the polarization state to be teleported, which heralds the teleportation. The fidelity of the polarization state of the photon retrieved from the memory is shown to be greater than the maximum fidelity achievable without entanglement, even when the combined distances travelled by the two flying qubits is 25 km of standard optical fibre. This light-to-matter teleportation channel paves the way towards long-distance implementations of quantum networks with solid-state quantum memories.
The quest for a global quantum internet is based on the realization of a scalable network which requires quantum hardware with exceptional performance. Among them are quantum light sources providing deterministic, high brightness, high-fidelity entangled photons and quantum memories with coherence times in the millisecond range and above. To operate the network on a global scale, the quantum light source should emit at telecommunication wavelengths with minimum propagation losses. A cornerstone for the operation of such a quantum network is the demonstration of quantum teleportation. Here we realize full-photonic quantum teleportation employing one of the most promising platforms, i.e. semiconductor quantum dots, which can fulfill all the aforementioned requirements. Two remote quantum dots are used, one as a source of entangled photon pairs and the other as a single-photon source. The frequency mismatch between the triggered sources is erased using two polarization-preserving quantum frequency converters, enabling a Bell state measurement at telecommunication wavelengths. A post-selected teleportation fidelity of up to 0.721(33) is achieved, significantly above the classical limit, demonstrating successful quantum teleportation between light generated by distinct sources. These results mark a major advance for the semiconductor platform as a source of quantum light fulfilling a key requirement for a scalable quantum network. This becomes particularly relevant after the seminal breakthrough of addressing a nuclear spin in semiconductor quantum dots demonstrating long coherence times, thus fulfilling another crucial step towards a scalable quantum network.
State transfer between light and microwaves is a key challenge in quantum networks. Promising transducers use a mechanical intermediary that couples to both fields via radiation pressure. Such electro-optomechanical devices have achieved high efficiencies, yet require resolved-sideband cavities, and generally compromise in scalability and noise performance. Here, we relax this constraint by extending the protocol of Navarathna et al. that transfers optical quantum information onto a mechanical resonator using a broadband, sideband-unresolved cavity and feedback. Combining this with parametric mechanical-to-microwave conversion, we show that continuous optical-to-microwave quantum state transfer is possible using measurement-based feedback, while all-optical coherent feedback enables bidirectional transfer. To assess the transfer, we introduce the quantum transfer witness WT\mathcal{W}_TWT​, which -- though similar to the input-referred added noise -- also identifies whether a channel is capable of both preserving Gaussian entanglement and outperforming classical transduction schemes. Finally, we show that quantum-compatible noise performance is within reach of current experimental capabilities. Our results unlock a new design space for electro-optomechanical transducers and strengthens their candidacy as scalable quantum links between distant nodes.