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The European Physical Journal Plus

Phase-controlled optical Kerr effect in a microwave-driven X-type atomic system

Zubair Iqbal Dar, Amanjot Kaur, Neeraj Singh, Sandeep Kumar, Paramjit Kaur

Published Mar 1, 2021• 3 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-01301-6

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A new scheme to investigate an electromagnetically induced grating in an N-type configuration in the presence of a strong-standing coupling field, additional coherent fields, and microwave driven fields is presented. By considering the coherent population trapping (CPT) condition in a four-level microwave driven N-type atomic system, a novel nonlinear optical storage is obtained via linear absorption vanishing and giant Kerr nonlinearity during light propagation. It is revealed that nonlinear properties in this atomic medium are maximum in the CPT condition, and these nonlinear properties could be affected and modulated by means of a microwave driven field. In this condition high-phase modulated diffraction efficiency is attained. The diffraction pattern is sensitive to variables of the phase and amplitude of microwave field. Consequently one can control the efficiency of different orders of grating more conveniently. The first-order diffraction efficiency of the grating, about 45%, can be obtained by choosing optimum values for the phase and amplitude of the microwave field. It is shown that the phase and modulation grating could be controlled effectively by atomic field-radiation parameters such as the interaction length L of atomic samples and applied field detunings. It has been noted that a novel fast communication device could be obtained at the zero absorption point and on the superluminal light level.
Spontaneous symmetry breaking and formation of self-organized structures in nonlinear systems are intriguing and important phenomena in nature. Advancing such research to new nonlinear optical regimes is of much interest for both fundamental physics and practical applications. Here we propose a scheme to realize optical pattern formation in a cold Rydberg atomic gas via electromagnetically induced transparency. We show that, by coupling two Rydberg states with a microwave field (microwave dressing), the nonlocal Kerr nonlinearity of the Rydberg gas can be enhanced significantly and may be tuned actively. Based on such nonlocal Kerr nonlinearity, we demonstrate that a plane-wave state of a probe laser field can undergo a modulation instability (MI) and hence spontaneous symmetry breaking, which may result in the emergence of various self-organized optical patterns. Especially, we find that a hexagonal lattice pattern (which is the only optical pattern when the microwave dressing is absent) may develop into several types of square lattice ones when the microwave dressing is applied; moreover, as an outcome of the MI the formation of nonlocal optical solitons is also possible in the system. The optical patterns and nonlocal optical solitons found here can be flexibly manipulated by adjusting the effective probe-field intensity, nonlocality degree of the Kerr nonlinearity, and strength of the microwave field. Our paper opens a route for versatile controls of self-organizations and structural phase transitions of laser light, which may have potential applications in optical information processing and transmission.
Abstract A third-order nonlinear response is investigated theoretically using a closed lambda system. In this scheme, a pair of optical fields and a microwave field connect three hyperfine levels in a cyclic fashion, rendering the atomic response sensitive to the relative phase of all three fields. Changing the relative phase, we can suppress the linear response of the probe field and enhance its third order self-Kerr nonlinear response using the underlying electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect. The resultant giant self-Kerr nonlinear response is comparable to or exceeding that found in atomic systems at room temperature. Most importantly, we show that the self-Kerr nonlinear response at an optical frequency can be controlled using the phase and amplitude of a frequency-separated microwave field.