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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

CMOS-based cryogenic control of silicon quantum circuits

Bishnu Patra, Xiao Xue, Jeroen P. G. van Dijk, Nodar Samkharadze, Sushil Subramanian, Andrea Corna, Charles Jeon, Farhana Sheikh, Esdras Juarez-Hernandez, Brando Perez Esparza, Huzaifa Rampurawala, Brent R. Carlton, Surej Ravikumar, Carlos F. Nieva, Sungwon Kim, Hyung‐Jin Lee, Amir Sammak, Giordano Scappucci, Menno Veldhorst, Fabio Sebastiano, Masoud Babaie, Stefano Pellerano, Edoardo Charbon A, Lieven M. K. Vandersypen

Published Mar 17, 2021• 0 citations
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IEEE Electron Devices Technology & Manufacturing Conference (EDTM)•Mar 7, 2023•0 citations
Abstract The most promising quantum algorithms require quantum processors that host millions of quantum bits when targeting practical applications1. A key challenge towards large-scale quantum computation is the interconnect complexity. In current solid-state qubit implementations, an important interconnect bottleneck appears between the quantum chip in a dilution refrigerator and the room-temperature electronics. Advanced lithography supports the fabrication of both control electronics and qubits in silicon using technology compatible with complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS)2. When the electronics are designed to operate at cryogenic temperatures, they can ultimately be integrated with the qubits on the same die or package, overcoming the ‘wiring bottleneck’3–6. Here we report a cryogenic CMOS control chip operating at 3 kelvin, which outputs tailored microwave bursts to drive silicon quantum bits cooled to 20 millikelvin. We first benchmark the control chip and find an electrical performance consistent with qubit operations of 99.99 per cent fidelity, assuming ideal qubits. Next, we use it to coherently control actual qubits encoded in the spin of single electrons confined in silicon quantum dots7–9 and find that the cryogenic control chip achieves the same fidelity as commercial instruments at room temperature. Furthermore, we demonstrate the capabilities of the control chip by programming a number of benchmarking protocols, as well as the Deutsch–Josza algorithm10, on a two-qubit quantum processor. These results open up the way towards a fully integrated, scalable silicon-based quantum computer.
Practical quantum computers require coordinated operation on a large number of qubits(∼104)(\sim 10^{4})(∼104), posing significant implementation challenges. In this paper, we summarize our recent work on scalable CMOS circuits to route control signals in a silicon MOS quantum dot spin qubit. We also present a cryogenic compact model enabling circuit design and simulation at cryogenic temperatures. The proposed design is an important step toward implementation of scalable solid-state quantum processors.