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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Engineering fast high-fidelity bias-preserving gates on stabilized cat qubits

Qian Xu, Joseph K. Iverson, Fernando G. S. L. Brandão, Liang Jiang

Published Mar 18, 2021• 0 citations
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Stabilized cat codes can provide a biased noise channel with a set of bias-preserving (BP) gates, which can significantly reduce the resource overhead for fault-tolerant quantum computing. All existing schemes of BP gates, however, require adiabatic quantum evolution, with performance limited by excitation loss and nonadiabatic errors during the adiabatic gates. In this paper, we apply a derivative-based leakage-suppression technique to overcome nonadiabatic errors, so that we can implement fast BP gates on Kerr-cat qubits with improved gate fidelity while maintaining high noise bias. When applied to concatenated quantum error correction, the fast BP gates not only can improve the logical error rate but also can reduce resource overhead, which enables more efficient implementation of fault-tolerant quantum computing.

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Bias-Preserving Entanglement of Kerr-Cat Qubits with an ATS Coupler

Kerem Yurtseven, Shantanu R. Jha, Apoorva Limaye +3 more

Kerr-cat qubits offer a hardware-efficient route to fault-tolerant quantum computing by suppressing bit-flip errors exponentially, while phase-flip errors increase only linearly with the mean photon number. To maintain this protection, entangling operations must be bias-preserving, ensuring that phase-flip errors occurring during the gate do not propagate into bit-flip errors. In this paper, we propose an asymmetrically threaded SQUID (ATS) parametric coupler to implement high-fidelity, bias-preserving entangling gates between Kerr-cat qubits. By engineering a photon-number asymmetry between the control and target modes, we enable fast gate operations that suppress non-adiabatic leakage without complex pulse shaping. Through numerical simulations of the full circuit Hamiltonian, we demonstrate a bias-preserving CX gate achieving 99.69% fidelity in the absence of photon loss for a gate duration of 50 ns. Under a single-photon loss rate of 100 kHz, our protocol yields a noise bias of 9922, exceeding the noise bias of a naive non-bias-preserving CX implementation by approximately a factor of 570. These results support the ATS coupler as a valuable building block for concatenated cat-qubit architectures.

quant-pharXiv:2610.28749•Oct 22, 2026•0 citations
Stabilized cat codes can provide a biased noise channel with a set of bias-preserving (BP) gates, which can significantly reduce the resource overhead for fault-tolerant quantum computing. All existing schemes of BP gates, however, require adiabatic quantum evolution, with performance limited by excitation loss and nonadiabatic errors during the adiabatic gates. In this paper, we apply a derivative-based leakage-suppression technique to overcome nonadiabatic errors, so that we can implement fast BP gates on Kerr-cat qubits with improved gate fidelity while maintaining high noise bias. When applied to concatenated quantum error correction, the fast BP gates not only can improve the logical error rate but also can reduce resource overhead, which enables more efficient implementation of fault-tolerant quantum computing.
Stabilized cat codes can provide a biased noise channel with a set of bias-preserving (BP) gates, which can significantly reduce the resource overhead for fault-tolerant quantum computing. All existing schemes of BP gates, however, require adiabatic quantum evolution, with performance limited by excitation loss and non-adiabatic errors during the adiabatic gates. In this work, we apply a derivative-based leakage suppression technique to overcome non-adiabatic errors, so that we can implement fast BP gates on Kerr-cat qubits with improved gate fidelity while maintaining high noise bias. When applied to concatenated quantum error correction, the fast BP gates can not only improve the logical error rate but also reduce resource overhead, which enables more efficient implementation of fault-tolerant quantum computing.
Kerr-cat qubits offer a hardware-efficient route to fault-tolerant quantum computing by suppressing bit-flip errors exponentially, while phase-flip errors increase only linearly with the mean photon number. To maintain this protection, entangling operations must be bias-preserving, ensuring that phase-flip errors occurring during the gate do not propagate into bit-flip errors. In this paper, we propose an asymmetrically threaded SQUID (ATS) parametric coupler to implement high-fidelity, bias-preserving entangling gates between Kerr-cat qubits. By engineering a photon-number asymmetry between the control and target modes, we enable fast gate operations that suppress non-adiabatic leakage without complex pulse shaping. Through numerical simulations of the full circuit Hamiltonian, we demonstrate a bias-preserving CX gate achieving 99.69% fidelity in the absence of photon loss for a gate duration of 50 ns. Under a single-photon loss rate of 100 kHz, our protocol yields a noise bias of 9922, exceeding the noise bias of a naive non-bias-preserving CX implementation by approximately a factor of 570. These results support the ATS coupler as a valuable building block for concatenated cat-qubit architectures.