Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Chinese Physics B

Micro-scale photon source in a hybrid cQED system*

Mingbo Chen, Bao‐Chuan Wang, Si‐Si Gu, Ting Chun Lin, Hai-Ou Li, Gang Cao, Guo‐Ping Guo

Published Feb 3, 2021• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Coherent photon source is an important element that has been widely used in spectroscopy, imaging, detection, and teleportation in quantum optics. However, it is still a challenge to realize micro-scale coherent emitters in semiconductor systems. We report the observation of gain in a cavity-coupled GaAs double quantum dot system with a voltage bias across the device. By characterizing and analyzing the cavity responses to different quantum dot behaviors, we distinguish the microwave photon emission from the signal gain. This study provides a possibility to realize micro-scale amplifiers or coherent microwave photon sources in circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) hybrid systems.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/abe29b

Related papers

Giant photon gain in large-scale quantum dot-circuit QED systems

Bijay Kumar Agarwalla, Manas Kulkarni, Shaul Mukamel +1 more

Motivated by recent experiments on the generation of coherent light in engineered hybrid quantum systems, we investigate gain in a microwave photonic cavity coupled to quantum dot structures and develop concrete directions for achieving a giant amplification in photon transmission. We propose two architectures for scaling up the electronic gain medium: (i) $N$-double quantum dot systems and (ii) $M$-quantum dots arranged in series akin to a quantum cascade laser setup. In both setups, the fermionic reservoirs are voltage biased, and the quantum dots are coupled to a single-mode cavity. Optical amplification is explained based on a sum rule for the transmission function, and it is determined by an intricate competition between two different processes: charge-density response in the gain medium and cavity losses to input and output ports. The same design principle is also responsible for the corresponding giant amplification in other photonic observables, mean photon number, and emission spectrum, thereby realizing a quantum device that behaves as a giant microwave amplifier.

arXiv:1606.01922•Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Sep 30, 2016•20 citations

Photon statistics of a double quantum dot micromaser: Quantum treatment

Bijay Kumar Agarwalla, Manas Kulkarni, Dvira Segal

A semiconductor single-atom micromaser consists of a microwave cavity coupled to a gain medium, a double quantum dot driven out of equilibrium by a bias voltage. The masing threshold of this system was recently probed by measuring photon statistics in the cavity [Y-Y. Liu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 097702 (2017)]. In this paper, we develop an in-depth, rigorous understanding of this experiment and related works. First, we use a semiclassical theory and study transmission spectroscopy. This approach allows us to derive the masing threshold condition for arbitrary temperature and voltage bias, and expose microscopic principles required for realizing photon gain and thereby a photon amplifier. Next, by employing the quantum master equation approach we extend the Scully-Lamb quantum theory of a laser to the present setup, and investigate the statistics of emitted photons below and above the masing threshold as a function of experimentally tunable parameters. Although our focus is primarily on hybrid quantum dot circuit - quantum electrodynamics systems, our approach is adaptable to other light-matter systems where the gain medium consists of a mesoscopic structure.

arXiv:1903.08209•Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Jul 10, 2019•26 citations

On-Chip Quantum-Dot Light Source for Quantum-Device Readout

Y.-Y. Liu, J. Stehlik, X. Mi +3 more

Microwave readout of charge states and spin states is important for quantum information science, but is difficult to scale to a large number of qubits, due to cost and the size of the components required to faithfully transmit the signal from room temperature to mK qubit temperatures. In this study, a voltage-biased semiconductor double quantum dot is used to generate microwave photons, yielding a cryogenic on-chip source for charge-state readout. Surprisingly, the emission properties of the double dot are affected by other qubits placed in the same microwave cavity. These results should facilitate the development of a large quantum processor to realize true quantum supremacy.

arXiv:1707.08906•Physical Review Applied•Jan 29, 2018•9 citations

CQED-Enhanced Single Photon Sources From InGaAs Quantum Dots

C. Y. Hu, Ricky D. Gibson, J. A. Timpson +6 more

Historically non-classical sources of single photons have been used to test quantum mechanics and to develop the field of quantum optics. Nowadays the single photon source has become a critical device for quantum communications and optical quantum information processing [Knill, et al., 2001]. A single photon source emits one photon at a time, and its quality can be evaluated by three parameters: quantum efficiency, multi-photon probability, and photon distinguishability. Among the different types single photon sources, InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) are a promising solid state candidate showing high quantum efficiency, no bleaching effect, long-term stability, capable of high repetition rate, and compatible with standard semiconductor processing techniques. Furthermore, QDs can be embedded in micro-cavities or photonic crystal nano-cavities by in situ growth, and thus cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) can be exploited to improve the performance of QD-based single photon sources in all aspects mentioned above [Santori, et al., 2002].

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•Jun 1, 2007•0 citations

Coupling of a hole double quantum dot in planar germanium to a microwave cavity

Yuan Kang, Zong-Hu Li, Zhenzhen Kong +10 more

In recent years, notable progress has been made in the study of hole qubits in planar germanium, and circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED) has emerged as a promising approach for achieving long-range coupling and scaling up of qubits. Here, we demonstrate the coupling between holes in a planar germanium double quantum dot (DQD) and photons in a microwave cavity. Specifically, a real-time calibrated virtual gate method is developed to characterize this hybrid system, which in turn allows us to determine the typical parameters sequentially through a single-parameter fitting instead of conventional multiparameter fitting with additional uncertainty, giving a hole-photon coupling rate of ${g}_{0}$/2\ensuremath{\pi} = 21.7 MHz. This work is a step toward further research on hole-photon interactions and long-range qubit coupling in planar germanium. The experimental method developed in this work contributes to a more accurate and efficient characterization of hybrid cavity-QED systems.

arXiv:2310.08145•Physical Review Applied•Aug 20, 2024•15 citations

A coherent light-matter interface with a semiconductor quantum dot in an optical microcavity

Daniel Najer

The strong-coupling regime of cavity-quantum-electrodynamics (cQED) represents the light-matter interaction at the fully quantum level. Adding a single photon shifts the resonance frequencies, a profound nonlinearity. cQED is a test-bed of quantum optics and the basis of photon-photon and atom-atom entangling gates. At microwave frequencies, success in cQED has had a transformative effect. At optical frequencies, the gates are potentially much faster; the photons can propagate over long distances; and the photons can be detected easily, ideal features for quantum networks. Following pioneering work on single atoms, solid-state implementations using semiconductor quantum dots are emerging, an important prospect for quantum technology. We present here a gated, ultralow-loss microcavity-device which forms a highly coherent photon$-$quantum-dot interface with a cooperativity of $C=150$. The gates allow both the quantum dot charge state and resonance frequency to be controlled electrically; crucially, they eliminate the noise-source which has complicated quantum dot cQED in the past $-$ scattering from the bare microcavity mode even at the quantum dot-microcavity resonance. Even in the microcavity, the quantum dot has a linewidth close to the radiative limit. In addition to a very pronounced avoided-crossing in the spectral domain, we observe a clear coherent exchange of a single energy-quantum between the ``atom" and cavity in the time domain (vacuum Rabi-oscillations). Decoherence arises predominantly via the atom and photon loss-channels. The coherence is exploited to probe the transitions between the singly- and doubly-excited photon-atom system via photon-statistics spectroscopy. We propose this system as a platform for quantum technology, for instance a photon-photon entangling gate.

•Jan 1, 2019•0 citations
Coherent photon source is an important element that has been widely used in spectroscopy, imaging, detection, and teleportation in quantum optics. However, it is still a challenge to realize micro-scale coherent emitters in semiconductor systems. We report the observation of gain in a cavity-coupled GaAs double quantum dot system with a voltage bias across the device. By characterizing and analyzing the cavity responses to different quantum dot behaviors, we distinguish the microwave photon emission from the signal gain. This study provides a possibility to realize micro-scale amplifiers or coherent microwave photon sources in circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) hybrid systems.
Motivated by recent experiments on the generation of coherent light in engineered hybrid quantum systems, we investigate gain in a microwave photonic cavity coupled to quantum dot structures and develop concrete directions for achieving a giant amplification in photon transmission. We propose two architectures for scaling up the electronic gain medium: (i) NNN-double quantum dot systems and (ii) MMM-quantum dots arranged in series akin to a quantum cascade laser setup. In both setups, the fermionic reservoirs are voltage biased, and the quantum dots are coupled to a single-mode cavity. Optical amplification is explained based on a sum rule for the transmission function, and it is determined by an intricate competition between two different processes: charge-density response in the gain medium and cavity losses to input and output ports. The same design principle is also responsible for the corresponding giant amplification in other photonic observables, mean photon number, and emission spectrum, thereby realizing a quantum device that behaves as a giant microwave amplifier.
A semiconductor single-atom micromaser consists of a microwave cavity coupled to a gain medium, a double quantum dot driven out of equilibrium by a bias voltage. The masing threshold of this system was recently probed by measuring photon statistics in the cavity [Y-Y. Liu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 097702 (2017)]. In this paper, we develop an in-depth, rigorous understanding of this experiment and related works. First, we use a semiclassical theory and study transmission spectroscopy. This approach allows us to derive the masing threshold condition for arbitrary temperature and voltage bias, and expose microscopic principles required for realizing photon gain and thereby a photon amplifier. Next, by employing the quantum master equation approach we extend the Scully-Lamb quantum theory of a laser to the present setup, and investigate the statistics of emitted photons below and above the masing threshold as a function of experimentally tunable parameters. Although our focus is primarily on hybrid quantum dot circuit - quantum electrodynamics systems, our approach is adaptable to other light-matter systems where the gain medium consists of a mesoscopic structure.
Microwave readout of charge states and spin states is important for quantum information science, but is difficult to scale to a large number of qubits, due to cost and the size of the components required to faithfully transmit the signal from room temperature to mK qubit temperatures. In this study, a voltage-biased semiconductor double quantum dot is used to generate microwave photons, yielding a cryogenic on-chip source for charge-state readout. Surprisingly, the emission properties of the double dot are affected by other qubits placed in the same microwave cavity. These results should facilitate the development of a large quantum processor to realize true quantum supremacy.
Historically non-classical sources of single photons have been used to test quantum mechanics and to develop the field of quantum optics. Nowadays the single photon source has become a critical device for quantum communications and optical quantum information processing [Knill, et al., 2001]. A single photon source emits one photon at a time, and its quality can be evaluated by three parameters: quantum efficiency, multi-photon probability, and photon distinguishability. Among the different types single photon sources, InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) are a promising solid state candidate showing high quantum efficiency, no bleaching effect, long-term stability, capable of high repetition rate, and compatible with standard semiconductor processing techniques. Furthermore, QDs can be embedded in micro-cavities or photonic crystal nano-cavities by in situ growth, and thus cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) can be exploited to improve the performance of QD-based single photon sources in all aspects mentioned above [Santori, et al., 2002].
In recent years, notable progress has been made in the study of hole qubits in planar germanium, and circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED) has emerged as a promising approach for achieving long-range coupling and scaling up of qubits. Here, we demonstrate the coupling between holes in a planar germanium double quantum dot (DQD) and photons in a microwave cavity. Specifically, a real-time calibrated virtual gate method is developed to characterize this hybrid system, which in turn allows us to determine the typical parameters sequentially through a single-parameter fitting instead of conventional multiparameter fitting with additional uncertainty, giving a hole-photon coupling rate of g0{g}_{0}g0​/2\ensuremath{\pi} = 21.7 MHz. This work is a step toward further research on hole-photon interactions and long-range qubit coupling in planar germanium. The experimental method developed in this work contributes to a more accurate and efficient characterization of hybrid cavity-QED systems.
The strong-coupling regime of cavity-quantum-electrodynamics (cQED) represents the light-matter interaction at the fully quantum level. Adding a single photon shifts the resonance frequencies, a profound nonlinearity. cQED is a test-bed of quantum optics and the basis of photon-photon and atom-atom entangling gates. At microwave frequencies, success in cQED has had a transformative effect. At optical frequencies, the gates are potentially much faster; the photons can propagate over long distances; and the photons can be detected easily, ideal features for quantum networks. Following pioneering work on single atoms, solid-state implementations using semiconductor quantum dots are emerging, an important prospect for quantum technology. We present here a gated, ultralow-loss microcavity-device which forms a highly coherent photon−-−quantum-dot interface with a cooperativity of C=150C=150C=150. The gates allow both the quantum dot charge state and resonance frequency to be controlled electrically; crucially, they eliminate the noise-source which has complicated quantum dot cQED in the past −-− scattering from the bare microcavity mode even at the quantum dot-microcavity resonance. Even in the microcavity, the quantum dot has a linewidth close to the radiative limit. In addition to a very pronounced avoided-crossing in the spectral domain, we observe a clear coherent exchange of a single energy-quantum between the ``atom" and cavity in the time domain (vacuum Rabi-oscillations). Decoherence arises predominantly via the atom and photon loss-channels. The coherence is exploited to probe the transitions between the singly- and doubly-excited photon-atom system via photon-statistics spectroscopy. We propose this system as a platform for quantum technology, for instance a photon-photon entangling gate.