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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Simulating quantum interference effects in the fluorescence of a V-system with perpendicular dipole moments

H. B. Crispin

Published Feb 5, 2021• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We present a scheme that enables the observation of interference effects in the resonance fluorescence of a V-type atom with orthogonal dipole moments. Specifically, we consider the atomic configuration of a J g = 0 to J e = 1 transition driven by a single laser field. By employing polarization-sensitive detection in such a way that the light emitted on the two transitions become indistinguishable, we show that one can simulate the effect of vacuum-induced coherence on the resonance fluorescence of this system. In addition, we demonstrate the possibility of realizing atomic transitions with both parallel and antiparallel dipole moments and their effects on the fluorescence spectrum. The interference induced leads to interesting features in the fluorescence spectrum such as asymmetric spectral peaks, enhancement and suppression of the sidebands, and disappearance of fluorescence in the particular direction of detection. The numerical results are understood in the context of the dressed states of the combined atom–field system.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6455/abe35b

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Abstract We present a scheme that enables the observation of interference effects in the resonance fluorescence of a V-type atom with orthogonal dipole moments. Specifically, we consider the atomic configuration of a J g = 0 to J e = 1 transition driven by a single laser field. By employing polarization-sensitive detection in such a way that the light emitted on the two transitions become indistinguishable, we show that one can simulate the effect of vacuum-induced coherence on the resonance fluorescence of this system. In addition, we demonstrate the possibility of realizing atomic transitions with both parallel and antiparallel dipole moments and their effects on the fluorescence spectrum. The interference induced leads to interesting features in the fluorescence spectrum such as asymmetric spectral peaks, enhancement and suppression of the sidebands, and disappearance of fluorescence in the particular direction of detection. The numerical results are understood in the context of the dressed states of the combined atom–field system.
We consider a three-level V-type atomic system with the ground state coupled by a laser field to only one of the excited states, and with the two excited states coupled together by a dc field. Although the dipole moments of the two dipole-allowed transitions are assumed perpendicular, we demonstrate that this system emulates to a large degree a three-level system with parallel dipole moments---the latter being a system that exhibits quantum interference and displays a number of interesting features. As examples, we show that the system can produce extremely large values for the intensity-intensity correlation function, and that its resonance fluorescence spectrum can display ultranarrow lines. The dressed states for this system are identified, and the spectral features are interpreted in terms of transitions among these dressed states. We also show that this system is capable of exhibiting considerable squeezing.
Abstract The resonance fluorescence of a four-level atom in J = 1/2 to J = 1/2 transition driven by two coherent fields is studied. We find that the incoherent fluorescence spectrum shows a direct indication of vacuum-induced coherence in the atomic system. We show that such coherence manifests itself via an enhancement or suppression of the spectral peaks in the π -polarized fluorescence. The effect of the relative phase of the driving fields on the spectral features is also investigated. We show that phase-dependent enhancement or suppression of the fluorescence peaks appears in the incoherent spectrum emitted along the σ transitions. It is found that this phase dependence occurs because of the polarization-detection scheme employed for the observation of the fluorescence light. We present an analytical explanation, based on dressed-states of the atom-field system, to interpret the numerical results.
It is shown that simultaneous narrowing occurs upon the central peak and outer sidebands in the resonance fluorescence spectrum by simulating vacuum-induced quantum interference in a Λ-type three-level atomic system, where the transition dipole moments are orthogonal, the metastable states are coupled to each other via a microwave field and a laser field is applied to one dipole-allowed atomic transition. With the decrease in the ratio of the laser Rabi frequency to the microwave Rabi frequency, the fluorescence spectrum eventually reverts to an ultrasharp triplet. The physical interpretation of the spectral characteristics is given in terms of dressed states.
We investigate the effect of quantum interference between the two transition pathways from the excited doublet to the ground level of a driven V atom on the spectral features of the resonance fluorescence emission. The ultranarrow spectral line at line center, which arises due to quantum interference, occurs over a wide range of parameters. The smaller the ratio of the excited doublet splitting to the effective Rabi frequency, the more pronounced the spectral line narrowing. However, the fluorescence emission is completely quenched when the atomic dipole moments are exactly parallel and the driving field is tuned to the average frequency of the atomic transitions. The narrow line is due to the slow decay rate of one dressed state, while the quenching arises from dressed-state trapping. A finite laser linewidth destroys the spectral narrowing features and the fluorescence quenching.
Quantum interference and coherence effects in the interaction of atoms with the quantized electromagnetic field are investigated theoretically. A general master equation for the description of atom-field interactions is introduced. The interplay of the concepts of complementarity and interference in the time-energy domain are studied on the basis of the fluorescence light emitted by a single laser-driven atom, where the coherence of spontaneous processes gives rise to quantum interference in the spectrum of resonance fluorescence. The vacuum-induced dipole-dipole interaction in pairs of multi-level atoms is analyzed. It is shown that the interaction between orthogonal transition dipole moments of different atoms does not only influence the system dynamics crucially, but implies that the few-level approximation in general cannot be applied to near-degenerate Zeeman sublevels of the atomic level scheme. Potential applications of dipole-dipole interacting multi-level atoms for the implementation of decoherence-free subspaces and the generation of entanglement between atomic states are examined. The generation of an entangled state of the radiation field with a macroscopic number of photons is discussed on the basis of a single-atom laser.
The interaction of a four-level atom consisting of one excited state, two upper levels and one ground state is considered. We use one field to drive the transition between the excited state and the ground state, and simultaneously apply another field to couple two transitions from the upper-level doublet to the ground state. We investigate how to control the central linewidth of resonance fluorescence spectrum of the driven transition via quantum interference between two transitions from the upper doublet to the ground state of the atom. In the case of orthogonal dipole moments for the upper doublet and the ground state the widths of the central line and the sidebands of the resonance fluorescence spectrum are totally controlled by the spontaneous emission rate of the upper doublet when the applying field is sufficiently strong. When the dipole moments are parallel, the central linewidth can be much narrower than the linewidths of spontaneous emission of the excited state and of the upper doublet due to the quantum interference. The smaller the upper doublet splitting, the narrower the central linewidth. We also notice that when the upper levels are degenerate the resonance fluorescence spectrum may depend on the initial condition because of the quantum interference.