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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Simultaneous narrowing of the central peak and sidebands via simulation of quantum interference

Qing Yang Xu, Hong-di Zhou, Gui-ju Meng, Jian-wu Yin

Published Aug 3, 2007• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is shown that simultaneous narrowing occurs upon the central peak and outer sidebands in the resonance fluorescence spectrum by simulating vacuum-induced quantum interference in a Λ-type three-level atomic system, where the transition dipole moments are orthogonal, the metastable states are coupled to each other via a microwave field and a laser field is applied to one dipole-allowed atomic transition. With the decrease in the ratio of the laser Rabi frequency to the microwave Rabi frequency, the fluorescence spectrum eventually reverts to an ultrasharp triplet. The physical interpretation of the spectral characteristics is given in terms of dressed states.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/40/16/001

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Physical Review A•Sep 1, 1996•48 citations
It is shown that simultaneous narrowing occurs upon the central peak and outer sidebands in the resonance fluorescence spectrum by simulating vacuum-induced quantum interference in a Λ-type three-level atomic system, where the transition dipole moments are orthogonal, the metastable states are coupled to each other via a microwave field and a laser field is applied to one dipole-allowed atomic transition. With the decrease in the ratio of the laser Rabi frequency to the microwave Rabi frequency, the fluorescence spectrum eventually reverts to an ultrasharp triplet. The physical interpretation of the spectral characteristics is given in terms of dressed states.
Abstract We present a scheme that enables the observation of interference effects in the resonance fluorescence of a V-type atom with orthogonal dipole moments. Specifically, we consider the atomic configuration of a J g = 0 to J e = 1 transition driven by a single laser field. By employing polarization-sensitive detection in such a way that the light emitted on the two transitions become indistinguishable, we show that one can simulate the effect of vacuum-induced coherence on the resonance fluorescence of this system. In addition, we demonstrate the possibility of realizing atomic transitions with both parallel and antiparallel dipole moments and their effects on the fluorescence spectrum. The interference induced leads to interesting features in the fluorescence spectrum such as asymmetric spectral peaks, enhancement and suppression of the sidebands, and disappearance of fluorescence in the particular direction of detection. The numerical results are understood in the context of the dressed states of the combined atom–field system.
We consider a three-level V-type atomic system with the ground state coupled by a laser field to only one of the excited states, and with the two excited states coupled together by a dc field. Although the dipole moments of the two dipole-allowed transitions are assumed perpendicular, we demonstrate that this system emulates to a large degree a three-level system with parallel dipole moments---the latter being a system that exhibits quantum interference and displays a number of interesting features. As examples, we show that the system can produce extremely large values for the intensity-intensity correlation function, and that its resonance fluorescence spectrum can display ultranarrow lines. The dressed states for this system are identified, and the spectral features are interpreted in terms of transitions among these dressed states. We also show that this system is capable of exhibiting considerable squeezing.
We investigate the effect of quantum interference between the two transition pathways from the excited doublet to the ground level of a driven V atom on the spectral features of the resonance fluorescence emission. The ultranarrow spectral line at line center, which arises due to quantum interference, occurs over a wide range of parameters. The smaller the ratio of the excited doublet splitting to the effective Rabi frequency, the more pronounced the spectral line narrowing. However, the fluorescence emission is completely quenched when the atomic dipole moments are exactly parallel and the driving field is tuned to the average frequency of the atomic transitions. The narrow line is due to the slow decay rate of one dressed state, while the quenching arises from dressed-state trapping. A finite laser linewidth destroys the spectral narrowing features and the fluorescence quenching.
The resonance fluorescence from a three-level Λ atom is studied, in which each optical transition is driven by a coherent field and the metastable states are coupled to each other via a microwave field. It is shown that the fluorescence depends not only on the relative intensities of the coupling fields but also on the relative phase delay between the envelopes of the amplitudes of the three fields. For the case of equal intensity of the two coherent fields, the fluorescence is completely inhibited once the phase delay is set to be 0 or π, while the fluorescence emerges once the phase delay is changed to π/2; moreover, the fluorescence spectrum ultimately reverts to an ultranarrow triplet by decreasing the relative intensity of the coherent field to the microwave field.
The interaction of a four-level atom consisting of one excited state, two upper levels and one ground state is considered. We use one field to drive the transition between the excited state and the ground state, and simultaneously apply another field to couple two transitions from the upper-level doublet to the ground state. We investigate how to control the central linewidth of resonance fluorescence spectrum of the driven transition via quantum interference between two transitions from the upper doublet to the ground state of the atom. In the case of orthogonal dipole moments for the upper doublet and the ground state the widths of the central line and the sidebands of the resonance fluorescence spectrum are totally controlled by the spontaneous emission rate of the upper doublet when the applying field is sufficiently strong. When the dipole moments are parallel, the central linewidth can be much narrower than the linewidths of spontaneous emission of the excited state and of the upper doublet due to the quantum interference. The smaller the upper doublet splitting, the narrower the central linewidth. We also notice that when the upper levels are degenerate the resonance fluorescence spectrum may depend on the initial condition because of the quantum interference.
The fluorescence field from one of the two allowed transitions in a three-level atom can sense squeezed fluctuations of a vacuum field coupled to the other transition. We examine the fluorescence spectra of strongly driven three-level atoms in \ensuremath{\Lambda}, V, and cascade configurations in which one of the two one-photon transitions is coupled to a finite-bandwidth squeezed vacuum field, when the bandwidth is much smaller than the difference in the atomic transition frequencies, though much larger than atomic decay rates and Rabi frequencies of the driving fields. The driving fields are on one-photon resonance, and the squeezed vacuum field is generated by a degenerate parameter oscillator. Details are only given for the \ensuremath{\Lambda} configuration. The extension to the V and cascade configurations is straightforward. We find that in all configurations the fluorescence spectra of the transition not coupled to the squeezed vacuum field are composed of five lines, one central and two pairs of sidebands, with intensities and widths strongly influenced by the squeezed vacuum field. However, only the central component and the outer sidebands exhibit a dependence on the squeezing phase. We also examine the fluorescence spectrum for the cascade configuration with a squeezed vacuum field on resonance with the two-photon transition between the ground and the most excited states and now generated by a nondegenerate parametric oscillator. In this case, where the squeezed vacuum field can be made coupled to both transitions, all spectral lines depend on the squeezing phase. The spectral features are explained in terms of the dressed-atom model of the system. We show that the coherent mixing of the atomic states by the strong driving fields modifies transition rates between the dressed states, which results in the selective phase dependence of the spectral features. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.