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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

An elementary 158 km long quantum network connecting room temperature quantum memories

Dounan Du, Paul Stankus, O.-P. Saira, Mael Flament, Steven Sagona-Stophel, Mehdi Namazi, Dimitrios Katramatos, Eden V. Figueroa

Published Jan 29, 2021• 2 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

First-generation long-distance quantum repeater networks require quantum memories capable of interfacing with telecom photons to perform quantum-interference-mediated entanglement generation operations. The ability to demonstrate these interconnections using real-life fiber connections in a long-distance setting is paramount to realize a scalable quantum internet. Here we address these significant challenges by observing Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference between indistinguishable telecom photons produced in two independent room temperature quantum memories, separated by a distance of 158 km. We obtained interference visibilities after long-distance propagation of $\rm \boldsymbol{V=(38\pm2)\%}$ for single-photon level experimental inputs. This first-of-its-kind quantum network prototype connecting quantum laboratories in Stony Brook University and Brookhaven National Laboratory is envisioned to evolve into a large-scale memory-assisted entanglement distribution quantum network, the basis for inter-city quantum communication.

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First-generation long-distance quantum repeater networks require quantum memories capable of interfacing with telecom photons to perform quantum-interference-mediated entanglement generation operations. The ability to demonstrate these interconnections using real-life fiber connections in a long-distance setting is paramount to realize a scalable quantum internet. Here we address these significant challenges by observing Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference between indistinguishable telecom photons produced in two independent room temperature quantum memories, separated by a distance of 158 km. We obtained interference visibilities after long-distance propagation of V=(38±2)%\rm \boldsymbol{V=(38\pm2)\%}V=(38±2)% for single-photon level experimental inputs. This first-of-its-kind quantum network prototype connecting quantum laboratories in Stony Brook University and Brookhaven National Laboratory is envisioned to evolve into a large-scale memory-assisted entanglement distribution quantum network, the basis for inter-city quantum communication.
First generation quantum repeater networks require independent quantum memories capable of storing and retrieving indistinguishable photons to perform quantum-interference-mediated high-repetition entanglement swapping operations. The ability to perform these coherent operations at room temperature is of prime importance in order to realize large scalable quantum networks. Here we address these significant challenges by observing Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference between indistinguishable photons carrying polarization qubits retrieved from two independent room-temperature quantum memories. Our elementary quantum network configuration includes: (i) two independent sources generating polarization-encoded qubits; (ii) two atomic-vapor dual-rail quantum memories; and (iii) a HOM interference node. We obtained interference visibilities after quantum memory retrieval of V=(41.9±2.0)%\rm \boldsymbol{V=(41.9\pm2.0)\%}V=(41.9±2.0)% for few-photon level inputs and V=(25.9±2.5)%\rm \boldsymbol{V=(25.9\pm2.5)\%}V=(25.9±2.5)% for single-photon level inputs. Our prototype network lays the groundwork for future large-scale memory-assisted quantum cryptography and distributed quantum networks.
First generation quantum repeater networks require independent quantum memories capable of storing and retrieving indistinguishable photons to perform quantum-interference-mediated high-repetition entanglement swapping operations. The ability to perform these coherent operations at room temperature is of prime importance in order to realize large scalable quantum networks. Here we address these significant challenges by observing Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference between indistinguishable photons carrying polarization qubits retrieved from two independent room-temperature quantum memories. Our elementary quantum network configuration includes: (i) two independent sources generating polarization-encoded qubits; (ii) two atomic-vapor dual-rail quantum memories; and (iii) a HOM interference node. We obtained interference visibilities after quantum memory retrieval of V=(41.9±2.0)%\rm \boldsymbol{V=(41.9\pm2.0)\%}V=(41.9±2.0)% for few-photon level inputs and V=(25.9±2.5)%\rm \boldsymbol{V=(25.9\pm2.5)\%}V=(25.9±2.5)% for single-photon level inputs. Our prototype network lays the groundwork for future large-scale memory-assisted quantum cryptography and distributed quantum networks.
Building a Quantum Internet requires the development of innovative quantum-enabling networking architectures that integrate advanced communication systems with long-distance quantum communication hardware. Here, we present the implementation of a quantum-enabled internet prototype using a novel physics-centric stack-based quantum network paradigm to govern the dynamics of multiple light-matter Hamiltonians across distant nodes. We demonstrate this concept using a deployed large-scale intercity quantum network connecting laboratories at Stony Brook University and the Brookhaven National Laboratory. This network facilitates a fundamental long-distance quantum network service -that of high-visibility Hong-Ou-Mandel interference of telecom quantum states generated in two independent, telecom-compatible quantum light-matter interfaces separated by a distance of 158 km.
Quantum repeater networks require independent quantum memories capable of storing and retrieving indistinguishable photons to perform high-repetition entanglement swapping operations. The ability to perform these coherent operations at room temperature is of prime importance to the realization of scalable quantum networks. We perform Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference between photonic polarization qubits stored and retrieved from two sets of independent room-temperature quantum memories. We show a steady improvement in memory parameters and visibilities, culminating in a high quantum memory HOM visibility of 43%, compared to the 48% no-memory limit of our set-up. These results lay the groundwork for future applications using large-scale memory-assisted quantum networks.