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Journal of Stochastic Analysis

Quantum Markov Chains Associated with Unitary Quantum Walks

Chul Ki Ko, Hyun Jae Yoo

Published Nov 6, 2020• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper we discuss the quantum Markov chains of unitary quantum walks.The construction of the quantum Markov chain associated with a unitary quantum walk serves as a good example in the view point of quantum Markov chains.On the other hand, the method of quantum Markov chain provides a tool for the investigation of dynamical properties of the unitary quantum walks.We discuss the reducibility/irreducibility and the recurrence/transience properties.Comparing with the results known in other literature and in classical random walks, we will see some similarity as well as some differences.

DOI
10.31390/josa.1.4.04

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In this paper we discuss the quantum Markov chains of unitary quantum walks.The construction of the quantum Markov chain associated with a unitary quantum walk serves as a good example in the view point of quantum Markov chains.On the other hand, the method of quantum Markov chain provides a tool for the investigation of dynamical properties of the unitary quantum walks.We discuss the reducibility/irreducibility and the recurrence/transience properties.Comparing with the results known in other literature and in classical random walks, we will see some similarity as well as some differences.
In this paper we construct (nonhomogeneous) quantum Markov chains associated with open quantum random walks. We then discuss the reducibility and irreducibility of open quantum random walks via the corresponding quantum Markov chains. The quantum Markov chain was introduced by Accardi by using transition expectation, and the construction of the quantum Markov chains for the open quantum random walks was introduced by Dhahri and Mukhamedov. Here we construct nonhomogeneous quantum Markov chains for the open quantum random walks so that we can naturally express the evolution of any open quantum random walk by the corresponding quantum Markov chain. We provide with some examples. In particular, we show that the classical Markov chains are reconstructed as quantum Markov chains as well and the reducibility and irreducibility properties of classical Markov chains can be investigated in the language of quantum Markov chains.
Quantum Markov chains (QMCs) and open quantum random walks (OQRWs) represent different quantum extensions of the classical Markov chain framework. QMCs stand as a more profound layer within the realm of Markovian dynamics. The exploration of both QMCs and OQRWs has been a predominant focus over the past decade. Recently, a significant connection between QMCs and OQRWs has been forged, yielding valuable applications. This bridge is particularly impactful when studying QMCs on tree structures, where it intersects with the realm of phase transitions in models naturally arising from quantum statistical mechanics. Furthermore, it aids in elucidating statistical properties, such as recurrence and clustering. The objective of this paper centers around delving into the intricate structure of QMCs on Cayley trees in relation to OQRWs. The foundational elements of this class of QMCs are built upon using classical probability measures that encompass the hierarchical nature of Cayley trees. This exploration unveils the pivotal role that the dynamics of OQRWs play in shaping the behavior of the Markov chains under consideration. Moreover, the analysis extends to their classical counterparts. The findings are further underscored by the examination of notable examples, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the outcomes.
In the present paper, we construct QMCs (Quantum Markov Chains) associated with Open Quantum Random Walks such that the transition operator of the chain is defined by OQRW and the restriction of QMC to the commutative subalgebra coincides with the distribution [Formula: see text] of OQRW. This sheds new light on some properties of the measure [Formula: see text]. As an example, we simply mention that the measure can be considered as a distribution of some functions of certain Markov processes. Furthermore, we study several properties of QMC and associated measures. A new notion of [Formula: see text]-recurrence of QMC is studied, and the relations between the concepts of recurrence introduced in this paper and the existing ones are established.