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Communications in Theoretical Physics

Efficient two-dimensional atom localization in a five-level conductive chiral atomic medium via birefringence beam absorption spectrum

Sajid Ali, Muhammad Idrees, Bakht Amin Bacha, Arif Ullah, Muhammad Haneef

Published Dec 22, 2020• 27 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We have theoretically investigated two-dimensional atom localization using the absorption spectra of birefringence beams of light in a single wavelength domain. The atom localization is controlled and modified through tunneling effect in a conductive chiral atomic medium with absorption spectra of birefringent beams. The significant localization peaks are investigated in the left and right circularly polarized beam. Single and double localized peaks are observed in different quadrants with minimum uncertainty and significant probability. The localized probability is modified by controlling birefringence and tunneling conditions. These results may be useful for the capability of optical microscopy and atom imaging.

DOI
10.1088/1572-9494/abc46c

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Abstract We have theoretically investigated two-dimensional atom localization using the absorption spectra of birefringence beams of light in a single wavelength domain. The atom localization is controlled and modified through tunneling effect in a conductive chiral atomic medium with absorption spectra of birefringent beams. The significant localization peaks are investigated in the left and right circularly polarized beam. Single and double localized peaks are observed in different quadrants with minimum uncertainty and significant probability. The localized probability is modified by controlling birefringence and tunneling conditions. These results may be useful for the capability of optical microscopy and atom imaging.
Abstract The absorption coefficients, refractive/group indices, phase shifts and fractional change of birefringence beams through dynamic chiral atomic medium are investigated under the effect of quantum tunnelling. The birefringence of phase indices Δ n = n r ( + ) − n r ( − ) and group indices Δ n g = n g ( + ) − n g ( − ) are controlled and modified through induced dynamic chiral medium by tunnelling effect. The group indices n g ( ± ) = ± 500 and group velocities v g ( ± ) = ± c / 500 are reported with the tunnelling effect. The maximum change in birefringent phase shifts is calculated to 5 microradian with tunnelling frequency at a speed of v = 10 cm/s of the chiral medium in the right circularly polarized (RCP) and left circularly polarized (LCP) beams. A 60% fractional change in the phase shift of RCP and LCP beams are investigated through induced chiral medium when the medium is at rest and when it is moving with the speed of v = 10 cm/s. These results will play an important role in scatterplate phase shifting interferometry.
Abstract In this study we explore the microscopy of atoms in three dimensions using a new technique of absorption spectrum in an atomic system with five levels of one and two atoms microscopy, Wall-like microscopy & ellipsoidal like microscopy observed. The position and probability of localized atoms are controlled and modified by tunings, the phases, strength, and direction of the applied driving fields. The current work may have potential applications in laser cooling, microscopy, and atom nano-lithography.
Abstract We present a new scheme to report on the effects of a five-level chiral atomic medium on the lateral Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift in Gaussian probe beams via Kerr nonlinearity (KNL) and local field effects. The physical realization of birefringence in absorption, dispersion, reflection and transmission beams is investigated, with special emphasis on the manipulation of absolute and fractional change in lateral GH shifts in birefringence transmission and reflection beams, via local fields and Kerr nonlinearity. We have employed a semiclassical atomic density-matrix formalism so as to obtain the expression for electric and magnetic susceptibilities of the chiral medium and the corresponding chirality coefficients in conjunction with Kerr and local fields, both separately and in combination. Stationary-phase theory is used to compute GH shift from the calculated birefringent reflection and transmission coefficients of probe beams. A negative and positive GH shift is observed in reflection and transmission beams, respectively, subjected to local field and Kerr effect. In contrast, a positive GH shift is observed in both reflection and transmission beams in the presence of both local field and Kerr effects. The local and Kerr fields also alter the divergence angle between left and right circularly polarized birefringence beams. GH shift depends on incident angle and probe detuning. The anisotropy of medium is lessened by switching ON the Kerr field in the medium. We observed a positive fractional change of ±30% in the GH shift in the birefringence reflection beam in the presence of a local field without KNL, while a 20% fractional GH shift was observed in the presence of both local field and KNL effects. Our results suggest promising applications in nonlinear optical, plasmonic and biophotonic devices for the manipulation of light propagation and optical signal processing.
A new approach for achieving two - dimensional (2D) atom localization microscopy based on the projection of three - dimensional (3D) localization in the plane of the detector is described in the present work. Spatial variation of the position-dependent 2D-localization pattern in the xy-plane is obtained with the shifting of the position of the detector along the z-axis under the parallel- and cross- axis configurations of the standing-wave fields. An attempt is made to study the 2D-localization characteristics in the specific parametric conditions for which the localization structures evolve with different shapes eventually leading to 100% detection probability of the atom both in the sub-wavelength and sub-half-wavelength regimes. The scope of tuning the cross-axis configuration over a wide range adds novelty and robustness to this model. Apart from the 2D-localization, various localization patterns with eight- to single-peak structures appear as interesting outcomes through the efficient manipulation of control parameters in the study of one-dimensional (1D) atom localization. The application of the traveling-wave field or its equivalent appears to be unique in achieving high-precision localization with maximal probability (100%) in both the 1D and 2D field-configuration schemes. Proper tuning of the traveling wave accompanied by the standing wave in the 1D scheme results in the single-peak localization in the sub-half-wavelength range. As a whole, the present work seems to be very much efficient for high-precision optical lithography.
Abstract We propose a scheme for distortion free left/right circularly polarized beams in a chiral atomic medium in a tripod-type configuration using the superposition of atomic states. We measure and control the group index, group velocity and delay and advance times for left/right circularly polarized beams in a transparent chiral atomic medium by varying the population distribution probability in the superposition states. For the left and right circularly polarized beams of the probe field, delay and advance times have been observed at resonance and away from resonance. A negligible distortion and large phase shift in the left/right circularly polarized beams is theoretically investigated in the system. The results show potential applications in telecommunication, cloaking base technology and information processing.
Abstract We present an efficient two-dimensional atomic localization in a tripod-type four-level atomic medium using standing-wave fields. The localization behavior is significantly improved, and the maximum localization probability can be achieved under suitable conditions within the one-wavelength domain. Multiple sharp localized peaks are observed in the one-wavelength domain through examination of the absorption of the weak probe field, and theoretically, high-resolution and high-precision atomic localization can be achieved within a region smaller than λ /12 × λ /12, via the exploitation of quantum-coherence effects in laser–matter interactions. The spatial resolution of the atomic localization is extensively improved, compared to the cases with or without microwave fields studied previously. We believe that the results revealed here might have potential applications for atomic nanolithography, neutral-atom laser cooling and trapping, Bose–Einstein condensation and the center-of-mass wave-function measurements.