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Comparison Between Electronic Hot Spot Model and Current-Voltage Characteristics of Superconducting Hot-Electron Bolometers

D. Wilms Floet, J. R. Gao, T. M. Klapwijk, Piet A. J. de Korte

Published Mar 1, 1999• 0 citations
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We compare theoretical predictions based on the electronic hot spot (EHS) model for hot electron bolometers with experimental results obtained with a Nb diffusion-cooled bolometer. We calculate the current-voltage, I(V), characteristics both analytically and numerically and find a good agreement with unpumped and pumped experimental I(V) curves. Observed deviations can partially be explained by the thermal conductance of the superconducting parts of the microbridge, which is lower than the normal state value assumed in the analytical model. Remaining deviations are attributed to heat-trapping due to Andreev reflection, resulting in a thermal boundary resistance at the interface. Furthermore, the influence of a finite electron-electron interaction time, which prevents complete thermalization of the electrons, is discussed.
This paper presents the modeling and measurement of a quasioptical niobium nitride superconducting hot electron bolometer mixer at submillimeter wavelengths. The modeling is performed with a distributed hot spot model which is based on solving a heat balance equation for electron temperature along the superconducting microbridge. Particular care has been taken during the modeling concerning the temperature-dependent resistance and the bias current dependence of the critical temperature of the device. The dc and mixing characteristics of this mixer have been computed and we have observed a quite good match between the predicted and the measured results for both dc characteristics and mixing performances at submillimeter wavelengths.
We present an improved hot spot model that includes the non-uniform absorption of terahertz radiation on a superconducting HEB microbridge. We propose that the terahertz radiation is indeed absorbed mainly in the region of the superconducting microbridge with its energy gap (2Δ), in connection with the local electron temperature, less than the photon energy of the incoming radiation. With this improved hot spot model, we can precisely model LO (Local Oscillator)-pumped current-voltage and LO-pumped resistance-temperature characteristics of superconducting HEB mixers.