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Acta Physica Sinica

Photon frequency shift based on electro-optic effect

Zhou Fei, Cao Yuan, Hai-Lin Yong, Peng Cheng-Zhi, Xiang‐Bin Wang

Published Jan 1, 2014• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Through the electro-optic modulation on photons with different polarization modes from quantum dot entanglement sources, the way to eliminate the photon frequency difference is analyzed systematically. We design an electro-optic modulation scheme with Pockels cell, to which a rising or falling voltage of 8 V·ns-1 is applied, thereby realizing a photon frequency shift with a bandwidth of 18 MHz. Simply increasing the modulation voltage slope would realize over 1 GHz frequency shift effectively, which provides a practical basis for realizing the future quantum dot entanglement sources with a perfect certainty.

DOI
10.7498/aps.63.204202

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Through the electro-optic modulation on photons with different polarization modes from quantum dot entanglement sources, the way to eliminate the photon frequency difference is analyzed systematically. We design an electro-optic modulation scheme with Pockels cell, to which a rising or falling voltage of 8 V·ns-1 is applied, thereby realizing a photon frequency shift with a bandwidth of 18 MHz. Simply increasing the modulation voltage slope would realize over 1 GHz frequency shift effectively, which provides a practical basis for realizing the future quantum dot entanglement sources with a perfect certainty.
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Entanglement is a rare resource only a select few people worldwide can create. Its fundamentally non-classical behavior seeds a tree of ideas from which transformative technologies in information processing, communication, and imaging grow. Particularly interesting is entanglement between photons in a pair made by a quantum dot, the most competitive contender among quantum photonic devices. \n \nA strength of semiconductor quantum dots is their deterministic reliability and potential for production at scale. The associated price is anchored in their inherent flaw: sensitivity to imperfections in their shape puts the entanglement they generate in motion. Thus, unless a specific entangled photon pair is caught at just the right moment, it will appear as though it is in fact not entangled at all. \n \nIngenious methods for making quantum dots perfect again have been devised,almost exclusively built around reshaping the dot by physical, electric, or magnetic means. One completely different proposal stands out, which instead stops the entanglement's motion once it has already been created. As a purely optical technique it can be used for any quantum dot and is completely non-intrusive. This is the method of the rotating half-wave plate. \n \nThe entanglement between photons in a pair revolves up to a few billion times per second and halting it requires a correction one-half that rate. Physically spinning a crystal waveplate at that tremendous speed is impossible, but if the properties of a crystal are spun in an identical way such quickly varying entanglement can be restored to its starting point with ease. This is the principle of electro-optic modulation. \n \nThis thesis shows the very first demonstration of slowing the frequency of single photons in a stream by using an electro-optical rotating half-wave plate prototype. Initial results show a reduction in frequency by 127.75 million oscillations per second. Any quantum dot whose entanglement precesses no more quickly than 255.5 MHz can thus directly make use of the technique contained herein.
The polarization entanglement photon pairs generated from the biexciton cascade decay in a single semiconductor quantum dot is corrupted by the position-dependent (time-dependent) phase difference of the two polarization mode due to the fine structure splitting. We show that, by taking voltage ramping to an electro-optic modulator, such phase-difference can be removed. In our first proposed set-up, two photons are sent to two separate Pockels cell under reverse voltage ramping, as a result, the position-dependent phase difference between the two polarization mode is removed in the outcome state. In our second proposed set-up, the polarization of the first photon is flipped and then both photons fly into the same Pokels cell. Since we only need to separate the two photons rather than separate the two polarization modes, our schemes are robust with respect to fluctuations of the optical paths.
Highly entangled photon sources play a crucial role in advancing the capabilities of quantum networks. In this context, we introduce an advanced scheme aimed at improving entanglement of photons emitted from quantum dots based on the framework proposed by Fognini et al. (2018). We propose a setup with reduced physical footprint which employs one electro-optic modulator strategically to enhance entanglement, mitigating the detrimental effects of fine structure splitting (FSS) observed in quantum dots that contribute to the degradation of entanglement.