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CRC Press eBooks

Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

Malcolm H. Dunn

Published Dec 23, 2020• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The energy lost by the radiation field through absorption is taken up by the atoms when they are excited from the lower to the upper state. As the radiation field intensity is progressively increased, a point is reached where the excitation absorption process begins to dominate the random decay processes that establish the status quo. There is an important conclusion that we can reach in this particular type of experiment. This is that a coherently trapped population is set up in the ground states so that no population transfer takes place to the excited state. The initial experiments were carried out in strontium vapour with pulsed lasers providing the radiation fields, and involved auto-ionising transitions in a lambda arrangement. The simple 3 state model, when solved numerically, provides considerable insight into the origins of electromagnetically induced transparency in both cascade, lambda and vee schemes.

DOI
10.1201/9781003072836-14

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The energy lost by the radiation field through absorption is taken up by the atoms when they are excited from the lower to the upper state. As the radiation field intensity is progressively increased, a point is reached where the excitation absorption process begins to dominate the random decay processes that establish the status quo. There is an important conclusion that we can reach in this particular type of experiment. This is that a coherently trapped population is set up in the ground states so that no population transfer takes place to the excited state. The initial experiments were carried out in strontium vapour with pulsed lasers providing the radiation fields, and involved auto-ionising transitions in a lambda arrangement. The simple 3 state model, when solved numerically, provides considerable insight into the origins of electromagnetically induced transparency in both cascade, lambda and vee schemes.
We discuss the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in lambda, cascade and vee type three-level systems where the Hamiltonian and the Lindblad term of each configuration are expressed in the SU(3) representation. At steady state, the Optical Bloch Equations of each configuration are solved to obtain the dispersion and absorption profiles of the probe field along with their group velocities. When the EIT condition is achieved at resonance, the population oscillation shows which of the bare states are contributing to form the dark state. Our study reveals that the dark state for the lambda and cascade system effectively coincides with the lowest bare state of that system, while for the vee system, it is a maximally superposed state of the middle and upper bare states.
We report on an investigation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in sodium vapour. In our experiment, sodium atoms are excited on the D1-line with laser radiation containing two components with a frequency difference close to that of the two hyperfine ground states of sodium (1.772 GHz). Such an excitation leads to coherent trapping of atomic population in “dark” superpositional states, which dramatically reduces the absorption of light. A frequency transparency window is measured to have a subnatural width, which is a clear indication of coherent population trapping. Dependence of EIT on laser frequencies and intensities, on the magnetic field strength as well as on the temperature of the sodium vapour is studied.
The subject of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is reviewed in this paper. Emphasis is placed on the experimental work reported in this field since 1990. Theoretical work is also covered, although it is not intended to review all the very numerous recent theoretical treatments on this topic. The basic physical ideas behind EIT are elucidated. The relation of EIT to other processes involving laser-induced atomic coherence, such as coherent population trapping, coherent adiabatic population transfer and lasing without inversion, is discussed. Experimental work is described covering the following topics: EIT with pulsed and continuous-wave sources, lasing without inversion, pulse propagation in a laser dressed medium and EIT in nonlinear optical processes. A full set of references and a bibliography are included.
The subject of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is reviewed in this paper. Emphasis is placed on the experimental work reported in this field since 1990. Theoretical work is also covered, although it is not intended to review all the very numerous recent theoretical treatments on this topic. The basic physical ideas behind EIT are elucidated. The relation of EIT to other processes involving laser-induced atomic coherence, such as coherent population trapping, coherent adiabatic population transfer and lasing without inversion, is discussed. Experimental work is described covering the following topics: EIT with pulsed and continuous-wave sources, lasing without inversion, pulse propagation in a laser dressed medium and EIT in nonlinear optical processes. A full set of references and a bibliography are included.
Abstract. The subject of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is reviewed in this paper. Emphasis is placed on the experimental work reported in this ®eld since 1990. Theoretical work is also covered, although it is not intended to review all the very numerous recent theoretical treatments on this topic. The basic physical ideas behind EIT are elucidated. The relation of EIT to other processes involving laser-induced atomic coherence, such as coherent population trapping, coherent adiabatic population transfer and lasing without inversion, is discussed. Experimental work is described covering the following topics: EIT with pulsed and continuous-wave sources, lasing without inversion, pulse propagation in a laser dressed medium and EIT in nonlinear optical processes. A full set of references and a bibliography are included. 1.
Reabsorption of spontaneously emitted photons, or radiation trapping, is a process that occurs when light interacts with optically thick media. It is shown, both theoretically and experimentally, that this effect in optically thick atomic vapour leads to a decrease in transmission of coherent laser radiation propagating under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). A simple theory is developed taking into account the radiation trapping, which is in a good agreement with the experimental observations and exact numerical simulation. This allows better understanding of the physics of EIT in general, and properties of dense coherent atomic media in particular.