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Physical Review A

Multiphoton nonlinear frequency mixing effects on the coherent electromagnetically induced absorption spectra of Rb85 atoms under a longitudinal magnetic field: Theory and experiment

Zeeshan Ali Safdar Jadoon, Heung‐Ryoul Noh, Jin‐Tae Kim

Published Dec 22, 2020• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Multiphoton nonlinear frequency mixing effects on coherent electromagnetically induced absorption spectra of $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms using two orthogonal linear polarizations of strong-coupling and weak probe beams are investigated theoretically and experimentally with respect to an applied longitudinal magnetic field and coupling powers. Herein, we confirm that at least five-photon interactions in solving density matrix equations for the ${F}_{g}=3\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}_{e}=4$ transition of $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms are required to explain experimentally observed coherent electromagnetically induced absorption spectra when a quantum axis is selected as the propagation direction of co-propagating coupling and probe laser beams. Distinct calculated spectral differences owing to variations in the magnetic field and coupling power between three- and five-photon interactions are confirmed. The obtained asymmetrical spectral shapes match very well with those calculated from five-photon interactions considering the off-resonant ${F}_{g}=3\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}_{e}=2,3$ transitions. Genuine coherent spectral shapes are observed with a single laser combined with two acousto-optic modulators, wherein the spectral resolution is limited because of the decoherence rate between Zeeman sublevels in the ground state from transit-time relaxation.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.102.063714

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We report on experimental and theoretical study of the nonlinear Faraday effect under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency at the $5{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{D}_{5/2}$ two-photon transition in rubidium vapor. These transitions realize the inverted YYY model which combines the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ and ladder systems. Strong nonlinearity allowing for large rotation angles of a probe beam tuned to the $S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}P$ transition was obtained by creation of quantum superpositions of magnetic sublevels (Zeeman coherences) in the rubidium ground state ($\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ scheme). Additionally, electromagnetically induced transparency was accomplished in a ladder scheme by acting with a second strong coupling laser on the $P\ensuremath{\rightarrow}D$ transition. Under conditions of a two-photon resonance the rotation was significantly reduced, which is interpreted as a competition between the coherent processes. The effect was observed in sub-Gauss magnetic fields and could be used for efficient coherent control of generation of the ground-state coherences, e.g., for controlling the polarization state of the probe light.
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Abstract We present theoretical and experimental studies of electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) for the transition of 85 Rb-D2 line. From the results calculated by solving time-dependent density-matrix equations including the optical and Zeeman coherences connected via three-photon interactions, the EIA signals have ultra-narrow feature in low powers of coupling beam in both same- and orthogonal-polarization configurations for both stationary and thermal atoms. However, the ultra-narrow EIA signals from high powers of coupling laser beam still remained in the ultra-narrow state only in the same-polarization configuration for thermal atoms. The calculated results match well with experimental results except ultra-narrow EIA region considering linewidths of two separate coupling and probe lasers.
The wealth of quantum coherence effects depending on the orientation of external magnetic field, the polarization of coupling and probe lights, and the Rabi frequency of the coupling beam are studied in transition ${F}_{e}=2\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{F}_{g}=3$ of Cs D2{\mathrm{D}}_{2}D2​ line. The split of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonances on two or three resonances determined by the different combination of the polarization of interaction lights and the direction of applied magnetic fields is obtained. The shifting and widening of the EIT resonances with the strength of the magnetic field (i.e., Zeeman splitting in the upper and lower levels) and Rabi frequency of the coupling beam increasing are also discussed. It may develop into the potential application for tunable multichannel optical information storage. On the other hand, an explanation of observed asymmetry of spectra by laser frequency offset from the optical resonance is given with theoretical calculation, which is in good agreement with the experimental results.
We experimentally observe the counterintuitive absorption peaks in the transition spectra of 5S 1/2 −5P 3/2 −4D 5/2 and 5S 1/2 −5P 3/2 −4D 3/2 in a hot 85 Rb vapor. These spectra are very different from the spectra observed via double resonance optical pumping or electromagnetically induced transparency in the same transitions. These absorption peaks are from electromagnetically induced absorption due to the two-photon atomic coherence effect. We also investigate the relations between these peaks and the powers of the coupling laser and the probe laser experimentally.
We experimentally investigate the nonlinear transmission spectrum of coherent light fields propagating through a Rydberg EIT medium with strong atomic interactions. In contrast to previous investigations, which have largely focused on resonant control fields, we explore here the full two-dimensional spectral response of the Rydberg gas. Our measurements confirm previously observed spectral features for a vanishing control-field detuning, but also reveal significant differences on two-photon resonance. In particular, we find qualitative deficiencies of mean-field models and rate-equation simulations as well as a third-order nonlinear susceptibility that accounts for pairwise interaction effects at low probe-field intensities in describing the nonlinear probe-field response under EIT conditions. Our results suggest that a more complete understanding of Rydberg EIT and emerging photon interactions requires to go beyond existing simplified models as well as few-photon theories.