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Acta Physica Sinica

Berry phase and quantum phase transition in spin chain system with three-site interaction

Shan Chuan-Jia

Published Jan 1, 2012• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we diagonalize the Hamiltonian of the one-dimensional spin chain system with three-body interaction. Then we solve geometric phase of ground state in the system through a rotating operation. By the numerical calculation of the geometric phase and its derivative, we consider the three-body interaction effects on the geometric phase and quantum phase transition, the results show that the geometric phase can be well used to characterize quantum phase transition in this system, and find that three-body interaction not only can move the criticality region, but also can generate a new critical point.

DOI
10.7498/aps.61.220302

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In this paper, we diagonalize the Hamiltonian of the one-dimensional spin chain system with three-body interaction. Then we solve geometric phase of ground state in the system through a rotating operation. By the numerical calculation of the geometric phase and its derivative, we consider the three-body interaction effects on the geometric phase and quantum phase transition, the results show that the geometric phase can be well used to characterize quantum phase transition in this system, and find that three-body interaction not only can move the criticality region, but also can generate a new critical point.
We show that the geometric phase of the ground state in the XY model obeys scaling behavior in the vicinity of a quantum phase transition. In particular we find that the geometric phase is nonanalytical and its derivative with respect to the field strength diverges at the critical magnetic field. Furthermore, the universality in the critical properties of the geometric phase in a family of models is verified. In addition, since the quantum phase transition occurs at a level crossing or avoided level crossing and these level structures can be captured by the Berry curvature, the established relation between the geometric phase and quantum phase transitions is not a specific property of the XY model, but a very general result of many-body systems.
Jordan-Wigner transformation and Bogolyubov transformation are the main steps of the diagonalization of Hamiltonian and paly an important role in the statistical mechanics calculations for one-dimensional Heisenberg spin chain model. Many methods can be exploited as a tool to detect quantum phase transition, regions of criticality and scaling behavior in the vicinity of a quantum phase transition, such as geometric phase, fidelity susceptibility, order parameter, and entanglement entropy, which have direct relation with Bogolyubov transformation. We diagonalized the Hamiltonian in XY spin-chain systems with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions, the results shows that only the energy spectrum but not the coefficients of the Bogolyubov transformation depends on DM interaction. Therefore, the DM interaction may not influence the critical magnetic field of quantum phase transitions and not induce new critical regions in the XY spin model. Moreover, we further prove the ideas by the methods of geometric phases in this model.
We make use of the operator fidelity and its susceptibility to study the quantum phase transition (QPT) of the spin-1/2 XX spin chain with three-spin interaction. The analytical results of operator fidelity and the susceptibility are obtained. From the numerical results one can see that the operator fidelity and its susceptibility present nontrivial behaviors at the critical point. We also consider the (1/2, 1) XXZ mixed-spin chain in which the ground states are degenerate. The operator fidelity approach is still effective to indicate the QPT in this system. We also generally analyze the relation between operator fidelity and QPT.
The notion of geometric phase has been recently introduced to analyze the quantum phase transitions of many-body systems from the geometrical perspective. In this work, we study the geometric phase of the ground state for an inhomogeneous period-two anisotropic XYXYXY model in a transverse field. This model encompasses a group of familiar spin models as its special cases and shows a richer critical behavior. The exact solution is obtained by mapping on a fermionic system through the Jordan-Wigner transformation and constructing the relevant canonical transformation to realize the diagonalization of the Hamiltonian coupled in the kkk space. The results show that there may exist more than one quantum phase transition point at some parameter regions and these transition points correspond to the divergence or extremum properties of the Berry curvature.
We study the connection between Berry phases and quantum phase transitions of generic quantum many-body systems. Consider sequences of Berry phases associated to sequences of loops in the parameter space whose limit is a point. If the sequence of Berry phases does not converge to zero, then the limit point is a quantum critical point. Quantum critical points are associated to failures of adiabaticity. We discuss the remarkable example of the anisotropic XY spin chain in a transverse magnetic field and detect the XX region of criticality.