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Physical Review A

Measuring angular rotation via the rotatory dispersion effect

Chongqi Zhou, Suyi Zhong, Kaijie Ma, Yang Xu, Lixuan Shi, Yonghong He

Published Dec 22, 2020• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a scheme for an ultrasensitive weak measurement system with an ultrasmall rotatory dispersion effect to measure angular rotation. Estimation of angular rotation is obtained by the shift of the center wavelength. In our scheme, we obtain a continuously adjustable coupling strength and show that our system provides a 13 times higher sensitivity of 38 840 nm/rad compared with previous work. Here we demonstrate that our scheme may offer an optimal weak value ${A}_{w}$ in practice and outperforms conventional measurements in the presence of technical noise. The precision achieved by optimized weak value amplification (WVA) is about three times higher than that of a polarimeter. Our work extends the working regime of WVA. Its simplicity and robustness clear the way for widespread use of WVA involving measurements with commercial cameras and small signals.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.102.063717

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We propose a scheme for an ultrasensitive weak measurement system with an ultrasmall rotatory dispersion effect to measure angular rotation. Estimation of angular rotation is obtained by the shift of the center wavelength. In our scheme, we obtain a continuously adjustable coupling strength and show that our system provides a 13 times higher sensitivity of 38 840 nm/rad compared with previous work. Here we demonstrate that our scheme may offer an optimal weak value Aw{A}_{w}Aw​ in practice and outperforms conventional measurements in the presence of technical noise. The precision achieved by optimized weak value amplification (WVA) is about three times higher than that of a polarimeter. Our work extends the working regime of WVA. Its simplicity and robustness clear the way for widespread use of WVA involving measurements with commercial cameras and small signals.
Chiroptical signals (generally very weak) play significant roles in chiral discrimination that bring great benefits in biochemistry, pharmacy, chemical, and so on. But, high-precise chiroptical detection is still a challenge. In this paper, a high-precise measurement of optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) based on weak value amplification (WVA) is presented. We proposed ORD detection method with parameter separation: by introducing complex coupling strength and dimensionless parameter “intensitiy contrast ratio” pointer, the ORD is only associated with the imaginary part of the weak value while circular dichroism (CD) is only associated with the real part. By designing a suitable WVA scheme, the ORD and CD can be measured separately. In the experiment, the reliability of the parameter separation method for ORD measurement is verified, and the precision reach the order of 10−610^{-6}10−6 rad. This method has a broad application prospect in biomedical sensing, medicine, chemical analysis and other fields.
Abstract In this paper we provide a simple, straightforward example of a specific situation in which weak-value amplification (WVA) clearly outperforms conventional measurement in determining the angular orientation of an optical component. We also offer a perspective reconciling the views of some theorists, who claim WVA to be inherently sub-optimal for parameter estimation, with the perspective of the many experimentalists and theorists who have used the procedure to successfully access otherwise elusive phenomena.
Weak-value amplification (WVA) is a metrological protocol that amplifies ultrasmall physical effects. However, the amplified outcomes necessarily occur with highly suppressed probabilities, leading to the extensive debate on whether the overall measurement precision is improved in comparison to that of conventional measurement (CM). Here, we experimentally demonstrate the unambiguous advantages of WVA that overcome practical limitations including noise and saturation of photodetection and maintain a shot-noise-scaling precision for a large range of input light intensity well beyond the dynamic range of the photodetector. The precision achieved by WVA is 6 times higher than that of CM in our setup. Our results clear the way for the widespread use of WVA in applications involving the measurement of small signals including precision metrology and commercial sensors.
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Abstract Even though weak measurements and weak value amplification (WVA) are founded on the principles of quantum mechanics and quantum measurements, these have found widespread applications in optics due to their inherent origin in wave interference. Besides their use in addressing foundational questions of quantum mechanics or for resolving quantum paradoxes, weak measurements and WVA have thus been used for numerous metrological applications, e.g., quantification of small optical beam displacement, tiny angular rotation, determination of extremely small phase shifts, spectral shifts, unraveling weak fundamental optical effects, improved optical imaging, amplifying weak signal and extracting small physical parameters and so forth. In this review, after providing the mathematical foundation of weak measurement and WVA, some of the metrological applications of weak measurements in the classical optics domain are briefly summarized, and the controversies and debates on the potential advantages of WVA in the estimation and detection of weak signal are discussed, and the interferometric philosophy of WVA is elucidated. The experimental weak measurement and WVA schemes in the domain of quantum optics are also discussed and highlighted the new perspectives and emerging trends of weak measurements in both the classical and quantum optics domain and their prospects in the development of next‐generation ultra‐sensitive optical devices.
We present a weak measurement protocol that permits a sensitive estimation of angular rotations based on the concept of weak-value amplification. The shift in the state of a pointer, in both angular position and the conjugate orbital angular momentum bases, is used to estimate angular rotations. This is done by an amplification of both the real and imaginary parts of the weak-value of a polarization operator that has been coupled to the pointer, which is a spatial mode, via a spin-orbit coupling. Our experiment demonstrates the first realization of weak-value amplification in the azimuthal degree of freedom. We have achieved effective amplification factors as large as 100, providing a sensitivity that is on par with more complicated methods that employ quantum states of light or extremely large values of orbital angular momentum.