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Optics Express

Tailor-made unitary operations using dielectric metasurfaces

Ming Kang, Kai Ming Lau, Tsz Kit Yung, Shengwang Du, Wing Yim Tam, Jensen Li

Published Dec 28, 2020• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Qubit operation belonging to unitary transformation is the fundamental operation to realize quantum computing and information processing. Here, we show that the complex and flexible light-matter interaction between dielectric metasurfaces and incident light can be used to perform arbitrary U(2) operations. By incorporating both coherent spatial-mode operation together with two polarizations on a single metasurface, we further extend the discussion to single-photon two-qubit U(4) operations. We believe the efficient usage of metasurfaces as a potential compact platform can simplify optical qubit operation from bulky systems into conceptually subwavelength elements.

DOI
10.1364/oe.411467

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Qubit operation belonging to unitary transformation is the fundamental operation to realize quantum computing and information processing. Here, we show that the complex and flexible light-matter interaction between dielectric metasurfaces and incident light can be used to perform arbitrary U(2) operations. By incorporating both coherent spatial-mode operation together with two polarizations on a single metasurface, we further extend the discussion to single-photon two-qubit U(4) operations. We believe the efficient usage of metasurfaces as a potential compact platform can simplify optical qubit operation from bulky systems into conceptually subwavelength elements.
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Metasurface holography has great application potential in the fields of optical display, optical storage, and security. Traditional metasurface holography uses the well-designed subwavelength structure to modulate the incident laser beam. Although many researches about laser metasurface holography have been realized, metasurface holography based on quantum light sources is rare. Here, we realized quantum metasurface holography through single-photon and multichannel polarization multiplexing metasurfaces, and we compared the quantum results with laser results. Our work proves that quantum light sources can be well modulated by the subwavelength structure of integrated metasurfaces and extend both fields of metasurfaces and quantum optics. This result shows that metasurfaces have the potential for use in various quantum devices to reduce the size of quantum devices, improve quantum efficiency, and enhance practicability, reliability, and accuracy.
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Photonic quantum information processing relies on operating the quantum state of photons, which usually involves bulky optical components unfavorable for system miniaturization and integration. Here, we report on the transformation and distribution of polarization-entangled photon pairs with multichannel dielectric metasurfaces. The entangled photon pairs interact with metasurface building blocks, where the geometrical-scaling-induced phase gradients are imposed, and are transformed into two-photon entangled states with the desired polarization. Two metasurfaces, each simultaneously distributing polarization-entangled photons to spatially separated multiple channels M (N), may accomplish M×N channels of entanglement distribution and transformation. Experimentally we demonstrate 2×2 and 4×4 distributed entanglement states, including Bell states and superposition of Bell states, with high fidelity and strong polarization correlation. We expect this approach paves the way for future integration of quantum information networks.