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Acta Physica Sinica

Evolution of ultracold 70S Cs Rydberg atom

Che Jun-Ling, Hao Zhang, Zhigang Feng, Linjie Zhang, Jianming Zhao, Jia Suo-Tang

Published Jan 1, 2012• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Ultracold 70S Cs Rydberg atoms are obtained by two-photon excitation in a magneto-optical trap, and detected by using the state-selective pulse field ionization technique. The evolution of 70S Rydberg atoms is investigated by changing the delay time between excitation laser and ionization electric field and the excitation duration. Blackbody radiation is taken into account to explain experimental result. The experimental result is found to be consistent with theoretical value.

DOI
10.7498/aps.61.043205

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Ultracold 70S Cs Rydberg atoms are obtained by two-photon excitation in a magneto-optical trap, and detected by using the state-selective pulse field ionization technique. The evolution of 70S Rydberg atoms is investigated by changing the delay time between excitation laser and ionization electric field and the excitation duration. Blackbody radiation is taken into account to explain experimental result. The experimental result is found to be consistent with theoretical value.
Ultracold cesium n S ( n =60–70) Rydberg atoms are prepared using the two-photon scheme in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). The number of resonant Rydberg atoms is measured by the pulsed field ionization technique, and the dependences of the Rydberg signal on excitation duration and external DC electric field are investigated. The excitation dynamics and blockade effects due to long-range interactions are obtained. The effect of external electric field on Rydberg excitation is also investigated, and the experimental result shows an enhanced blockade with a weak external electric field.
Signals of ultracold plasma are observed by two-photon ionization of laser-cooled caesium atoms in a magneto-optical trap. Recombination of ions and electrons into Rydberg atoms during the expansion of ultracold plasma is investigated by using state-selective field ionization spectroscopy. The dependences of recombination on initial electron temperature (1–70 K) and initial ion density (∼10 10 cm −3 ) are investigated. The measured dependence on initial ion density is N 1.547+0.004 at a delay time of 5 μs. The recombination rate rapidly declines as initial electron temperature increases when delay time is increased. The distributions of Rydberg atoms on different values of principal quantum number n, i.e. n = 30–60, at an initial electron temperature of 3.3 K are also investigated. The main experimental results are approximately explained by the three-body recombination theory.
The spontaneous evolution from Rydberg atoms in different fine states to plasmas is investigated. Two-photon excitation is used to excite ultracold cesium atoms from 6S1/2 to 47D3/2 and 47D5/2 Rydberg states, respectively. The ramp electric field is used to ionize the Rydberg atoms and drive the ions to the micro-channel plate detector. In this experiment, The atom number of 47D5/2 state, which has a high oscillator strength compared with 47D3/2, is about 7 times larger than that of 47D3/2 state. Based on the different initial atom numbers of two fine states, the evolutions of plasma and Rydberg atoms are observed. The initial ionization time of Rydberg atoms and avalanche ionization rate of different states are presented. The initial ionization of Rydberg atoms is ascribed to the combining effect of state transfer from repulsive interaction to attractive interaction induced by the blackbody radiation and superradiation and Rydberg atoms collision. Moreover, the avalanche ionization and production of plasma are explained as being due to the rapid collision between Rydberg atoms and electrons in a local potential trap produced by positive ions.
We investigate Rydberg |65D5/2〉 → |66P3/2〉 superradiance in dense ultracold cesium atoms, where the ground atoms are excited to |65D5/2〉 Rydberg states via two-photon excitation in a standard magneto-optical trap. The superradiant spectrum of |65D5/2〉 → |66P3/2〉 is obtained using the state-selective field ionization technique. We observe its dynamic evolution process by varying the delay time of ionization field t d. The results show that the evolution process of |65D5/2〉 → |66P3/2〉 is much shorter than its radiation lifetime at room temperature, which verifies the superradiance effect. The dependence of the superradiance process on Rydberg atoms number N e and principal quantum number n is investigated. The results show that the superradiance becomes faster with increasing N e, while it is suppressed for stronger van der Waals (vdW) interactions. Superradiance has potential applications in quantum technologies, and the Rydberg atom is an ideal medium for superradiance. Our system is effective for studying the strong two-body interaction between Rydberg atoms.