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Acta Physica Sinica

Measurement of lifetime of ultracold cesium Rydberg states

Zhigang Feng, Hao Zhang, Linjie Zhang, Changyong Li, Jianming Zhao, Jia Suo-Tang

Published Jan 1, 2011• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, the cold cesium atoms are excited to Rydberg states via two-photon transition and the ion signal of Rydberg atoms is obtained by the selective field-ionization method. The evolution of the 36D and 34S states population is acquired by changing delay time; the corresponding effective lifetimes are obtained by fitting the experimental data, which are in agreement with the existing theoretical results.

DOI
10.7498/aps.60.073202

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In this paper, the cold cesium atoms are excited to Rydberg states via two-photon transition and the ion signal of Rydberg atoms is obtained by the selective field-ionization method. The evolution of the 36D and 34S states population is acquired by changing delay time; the corresponding effective lifetimes are obtained by fitting the experimental data, which are in agreement with the existing theoretical results.
We prepare nS (n = 49) cesium Rydberg atoms by two-photon excitation in a standard magnetooptical trap to obtain the spatial distribution of the Rydberg atoms by measuring the time-of-flight (TOF) spectra in the case of a low Rydberg density. We analyze the time evolution of the ultracold nS Rydberg atoms distribution by changing the delay time of the pulsed ionization field, defined as the duration from the moment of switching off the excitation lasers to the time of switching on the ionization field. TOF spectra of Rydberg atoms are observed as a function of the delay time and initial Rydberg atomic density. The corresponding full widths at half maximum (FWHMs) are obtained by fitting the spectra with a Gaussian profile. The FWHM decreases with increasing delay time at a relatively high Rydberg atom density (>5 × 107/cm3) because of the decreasing Coulomb interaction between released charges during their flight to the detector. The temperature of the cold atoms is deduced from the dependence of the TOF spectra on the delay time under the condition of low Rydberg atom density.
We measure the total collisional cross-sections of caesium Rydberg nD ( n =37–40) states by measuring the corresponding effective decay rates versus Rydberg atoms density in a conventional magneto-optical trap using the state-selective pulse field ionization technique. The results indicate that the large collisional cross-sections mainly come from the contribution of Rydberg atoms interactions. We also obtain the spontaneous radiative lifetimes of different Rydberg states by fitting experimental data, which are in agreement with the existing theoretical values within experimental error.
We demonstrate one simplified all-optical method to measure the radiative lifetime of ultracold cesium (Cs) Rydberg atoms. This method is based on photodetection of one ground state atomic absorption in a ladder-type electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT), which contains one ground state, one intermediate state, and one Rydberg state. In the presence and absence of optical pumping between the Rydberg state and the intermediate state, the absorption difference with varying delay time can reconstruct the population evolution of target Rydberg atoms. By using this method, the radiative lifetimes of 50 S 1 / 2 and 50 D 5 / 2 of Cs atoms are measured to be 53 ( 9 ) µ s and 42 ( 9 ) µ s , respectively, which are consistent with theoretical calculations. The agreements show the reliability of our presented method, which can provide a route for researching light–matter interaction behavior without the need to quantify absorption characteristic.
We investigate Rydberg |65D5/2〉 → |66P3/2〉 superradiance in dense ultracold cesium atoms, where the ground atoms are excited to |65D5/2〉 Rydberg states via two-photon excitation in a standard magneto-optical trap. The superradiant spectrum of |65D5/2〉 → |66P3/2〉 is obtained using the state-selective field ionization technique. We observe its dynamic evolution process by varying the delay time of ionization field t d. The results show that the evolution process of |65D5/2〉 → |66P3/2〉 is much shorter than its radiation lifetime at room temperature, which verifies the superradiance effect. The dependence of the superradiance process on Rydberg atoms number N e and principal quantum number n is investigated. The results show that the superradiance becomes faster with increasing N e, while it is suppressed for stronger van der Waals (vdW) interactions. Superradiance has potential applications in quantum technologies, and the Rydberg atom is an ideal medium for superradiance. Our system is effective for studying the strong two-body interaction between Rydberg atoms.